Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Английский
Латинский
Немецкий
Русский
Французский

summi hominum

1 summus

a, um [superl. к superus, наряду с supremus ]

1) высочайший, верхний ( jugum montis Cs)

s. mons Cs — вершина горы

summa arbor O — верхушка дерева

summum vestimentum Pl — край платья

summa urbs C (или arx O) — городской кремль

summum pectus CA — верхняя часть груди

de summo pectore dicere AG — см. pectus

summi digiti Q — кончики пальцев

summo profundo O — на поверхности моря

summum corpus PM — поверхность тела, кожа

summi et infĭmi C — (общественные) верхи и низы

summa voce Pl, H — самым высоким голосом

2)

а) высший, предельный (summum jus summa injuria, sc. est C)

summo studio C — с величайшим усердием

omnia summa facere C — сделать всё возможное

б) крайний, последний

summa senectus C — глубокая старость

summum silentium C — глубокая тишина

summa paupertas Nep — крайняя бедность

hiems summa C — зима в разгаре

summo jure C — по всей строгости закона

summa dies V, O — последний день (жизни), кончина

summi laboris esse Cs — быть весьма работоспособным

summo carmine H — в заключительном стихотворении

3) главный, лучший, важнейший

summi Peripatetici C — славнейшие из перипатетиков

summi hominum Lcn — лучшие из людей, цвет человечества

summo loco natus Cs — весьма знатного рода

summa cena Pt или mensa M — главное блюдо (трапезы)

s. sacerdos Vlg — первосвященник

summum proelium Fl — генеральное сражение

s. vir et imperator C — выдающийся человек и полководец

s. amicus Ter — лучший друг

summum bonum C — высшее благо

de summis rebus consilium capere Cs — принимать решения по важнейшим вопросам

summam manum imponere alicui rei Q — довершить что-л.

s. severitatis et munificentiae T — обладающий неограниченным правом казнить и миловать

summum argumentum Ap — решающий (неопровержимый) довод

4) (все)общий, совокупный

summa res publica C — совокупность государственных интересов

summa salus rei publicae C — общая безопасность государства

summae copiae T — совокупность (вооружённых) сил

5) критический, опасный ( summo rei publicae tempore C)

6) худший, ужасный ( turpitudo C); тягчайший ( scelus Sl). — см. тж. summum

Латинско-русский словарь > summus
2 Лучший

- melior; optimus; potior; potissimus; electus; princeps; prior;
• лучшие из людей - summi hominum;

• лучший друг - summus amicus;

Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Лучший
3 Цвет

- color; (fig) robur,-oris n; flos, floris m;
• радужные цвета - colores iridis;

• цвет человечества - summi hominum;

Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Цвет
4 summum

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > summum
5 Superi

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Superi
6 superus

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superus
7 suprema

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suprema
8 supremum

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremum
9 supremus

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:
super inferque vicinus,
Cato, R. R. 149, 1:
totus super ignis,
Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
I.
Posit.
A.
Adj.
1.
In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:
at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:
omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:
ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12:
limen superum inferumque salve,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:
portae Phrygiae limen,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):
carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:
di,
id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:
spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:
omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,
Verg. A. 6, 788:
supera ad convexa,
to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
lumen,
Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:
domus deorum,
Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;
so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,
Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:
de supero, quom huc accesserit,
from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,
ex supero,
Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
2.
In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):
supera de parte,
i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:
superas evadere ad auras,
Verg. A. 6, 128:
superum ad lumen ire,
id. ib. 6, 680:
aurae,
Ov. M. 5, 641:
orae,
Verg. A. 2, 91:
limen,
id. ib. 6, 680.—
B.
Substt.
1.
Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
(α).
They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:
multum fleti ad superos,
i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:
(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,
the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:
ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,
Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:
epistula ad superos scripta,
i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
(β).
(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:
quae Superi Manesque dabant,
Verg. A. 10, 34:
aspiciunt Superi mortalia,
Ov. M. 13, 70:
o Superi!
id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;
pro Superi,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:
terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,
Verg. A. 1, 4:
illa propago Contemptrix Superum,
Ov. M. 1, 161:
exemplo Superorum,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,
Superorum,
id. P. 1, 1, 43:
postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,
Verg. A. 3, 2:
scilicet is Superis labor est,
id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:
superis deorum Gratus et imis,
id. ib. 1, 10, 19:
flectere Superos,
Verg. A. 7, 312:
te per Superos... oro,
id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
2.
sŭpĕra, orum, n.
(α).
The heavenly bodies:
Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:
cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,
id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
(β).
Higher places (sc. loca):
supera semper petunt,
tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:
(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,
the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
II.
Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
A.
Lit., of place, higher, upper:
inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 46:
dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?
Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:
in superiore qui habito cenaculo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:
tota domus superior vacat,
the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:
superior accumbere,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:
de loco superiore dicere,
i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:
agere,
i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;
and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,
ex loco superiore,
id. ib. 3, 4:
loca,
id. ib. 1, 10, 4;
3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,
id. B. C. 3, 98:
qui in superiore acie constiterant,
id. B. G. 1, 24:
ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,
i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:
posteriori superius non jungitur,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:
superiores solis defectiones,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,
id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:
refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58:
superioribus aestivis,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:
superioribus temporibus,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:
tempus (opp. posterius),
id. Dom. 37, 99:
tempora (opp. inferiora),
Suet. Claud. 41:
annus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:
anno superiore,
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:
superioris anni acta,
Suet. Caes. 23:
in superiore vita,
Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:
testimonium conveniens superiori facto,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:
superius facinus novo scelere vincere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:
superioris more crudelitatis uti,
Nep. Thras. 3, 1:
superius genus,
mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:
nuptiae,
former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:
vir,
first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
b.
Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:
omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 5:
aetate superiores,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:
superior Africanus,
the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
Dionysius,
id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:
quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,
Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
2.
Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:
Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65:
numero superiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:
hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,
id. ib. 8, 19:
se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,
Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:
semper discessit superior,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:
si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,
Caes. B. G. 5, 15:
multo superiores bello esse,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:
superiorem Appium in causa fecit,
Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
3.
Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
(α).
With abl. respect.:
pecuniis superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:
loco, fortuna, fama superiores,
id. Lael. 25, 94:
habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
ordine,
id. ib. 13, 5, 2:
facilitate et humanitate superior,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
si superior ceteris rebus esses,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
(β).
Absol.:
ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,
Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:
ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,
id. Off. 1, 26, 90:
invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:
premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12:
cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,
Vell. 2, 101, 1.
III.
Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
A.
‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
B.
sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
1.
Lit. (only poet.; cf.
summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,
the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,
montes,
Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:
rupes,
Sen. Oedip. 95:
arx,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:
supremae Tethyos unda,
Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
(α).
In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;
sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:
quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
supremo te sole domi manebo,
at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,
last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:
quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526.—
(β).
In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:
supremo vitae die,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:
dies,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:
hora,
Tib. 1, 1, 59:
tempus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:
incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,
i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
mors,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:
finis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 12:
iter,
id. C. 2, 17, 11:
lumen,
Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,
ore,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:
haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,
Verg. A. 8, 583:
Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,
in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;
supremis suis annis,
in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:
suprema ejus cura,
id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:
spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,
Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:
funera,
Ov. M. 3, 137:
oscula,
id. ib. 6, 278:
tori,
i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:
ignis,
id. Am. 1, 15, 41:
ignes,
id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:
officia,
Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,
tabulae,
Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:
tituli,
i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:
Troiae sorte suprema,
Verg. A. 5, 190:
dies regnis,
Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:
animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,
for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:
anima exitura supremo,
Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
1.
sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):
ventum ad supremum est,
Verg. A. 12, 803.—
2.
suprēma, orum, n.
(α).
The last moments, the close of life, death:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:
statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,
the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:
circa suprema Neronis,
the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
(β).
The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:
supremis divi Augusti,
Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:
suprema ferre (sc. munera),
Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
(γ).
A last will, testament:
nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,
Tac. A. 1, 8:
miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,
Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
(δ).
The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
b.
Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:
multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,
Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:
macies,
Verg. A. 3, 590:
Juppiter supreme,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:
med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,
most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
C.
summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
1.
Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):
summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,
the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):
summum jugum montis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
summus mons,
the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:
feriunt summos fulmina montes,
the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:
locus castrorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23:
in summa sacra via,
on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
in summa columna conlocare,
id. Div. 1, 24, 48:
quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:
Janus summus ab imo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:
ad aquam summam appropinquare,
Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:
in aqua summa natare,
the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:
apud summum puteum,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:
per summa volare aequora,
Verg. A. 5, 819:
summa cacumina linquunt,
id. ib. 6, 678:
mari summo,
id. ib. 1, 110:
prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,
id. ib. 6, 357:
summaque per galeam delibans oscula,
id. ib. 12, 434:
amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,
Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:
summam cutem novacula decerpito,
Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:
summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,
I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:
standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,
a summo dare (bibere),
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
b.
summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:
ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26:
qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,
Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:
leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30:
igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,
Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:
puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:
nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,
Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:
summa petere,
Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
2.
Transf., of the voice:
jubeo te salvere voce summa,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,
at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:
vox (opp. ima),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:
summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:
summo haec clamore,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:
exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:
bis, terve summum,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:
triduo aut summum quatriduo,
id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):
haec est praestituta summa argento dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,
venit summa dies,
Verg. A. 2, 324:
ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:
cum esset summa senectute,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:
in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,
Luc. 2, 211:
summo carmine,
at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:
eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,
the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;
quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,
at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:
nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,
Albin. 1, 137. —
b.
Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):
summi puerorum amores,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
spes civium,
id. ib. 3, 11:
fides, constantia justitiaque,
id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:
qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,
id. ib. 6, 20:
non agam summo jure tecum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:
tres fratres summo loco nati,
id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:
qui summo magistratui praeerat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:
quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,
id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:
turpitudo,
id. Lael. 17, 61:
summum in cruciatum se venire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
scelus,
Sall. C. 12, 5:
hiems,
the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:
cum aestas summa esse coeperat,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:
ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:
summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,
id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:
summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:
optimi et summi viri diligentia,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:
summus Juppiter,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:
ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,
id. Am. 1, 2, 6:
miles summi inperatoris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:
amicus summus,
the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:
nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:
summa ducum Atrides,
the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:
summo rei publicae tempore,
at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,
id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:
summa salus rei publicae,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,
res publica,
id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:
ad summam rem publicam,
Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:
quo res summa loco, Panthu?
the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:
non agam summo jure tecum,
deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;
ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:
quod me sollicitare summe solet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:
cupere aliquid,
id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:
contendere,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:
admirari,
Quint. 10, 1, 70:
summe jucundum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:
officiosi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
summe disertus vir,
Quint. 12, 1, 23:
summe munitus locus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:
summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:
mei summe observantissimus,
Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremus
10 homo

hŏmo, ĭnis (archaic form hemonem hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. humanus init., and nēmo, from nĕ-hĕmo: homōnem, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. = [p. 860] Ann. v. 141 Vahl.:
hŏmōnes,
Naev. 1, 1), comm. [root in humus, Gr. chamai; cf. Germ. -gam in Bräutigam; O. H. Germ. gomo; Goth. guma; Old Engl. goom; Engl. groom; cf. also Gr. epichthonioi; Hebr. Adam], a human being, man.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
animal hoc providum, sagax, multiplex, acutum, memor, plenum rationis et consilii quem vocamus hominem, praeclara quadam condicione generatum esse a summo deo, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22; cf.
, on the natural history of man,
Plin. 7 praef. sq.; § 5 sq.: decem hominibus vitam eripis, indictā causā, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 25 (24), 12: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.); cf.: unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 313 ib.): navus repertus homo Graio patre Graius homo rex, id. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183 ib.):
homo jam grandior,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 15:
homo amicus nobis... homo antiqua virtute ac fide,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 86 sq.; cf.:
bonus homo et nobis amicus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 18 fin.: quid est, quod homo masculus lubentius videre debeat bella uxore? Varr. ap. Non. 248, 16:
infelix,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169:
homo omni doctrina eruditus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:
homo summā prudentiā, multā etiam doctrinā,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:
de hujus hominis (i. e. Pompei) felicitate, etc.,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:
iners atque inutilis,
id. Off. 3, 6, 31; cf.:
contemptus et abjectus,
id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:
insulsus,
id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; cf.
also: hominum homo stultissime,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10:
quid hoc homine faciatis?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 42:
consulere generi hominum,
the human race, mankind, id. Rep. 3, 12:
genus hominum,
id. ib. 2, 26; id. de Or. 1, 9, 36; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7 et saep. (more freq., genus humanum; v. humanus and genus); cf.:
natura hominem conciliat homini... hominum coetus et celebrationes,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:
placet Stoicis, quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum causa esse generatos,
id. ib. 1, 7, 22:
homines plurimum hominibus et prosunt et obsunt,
id. ib. 2, 5, 17: is dictus popularibus olim, Qui tum vivebant homines, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 15, 58 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.):
homines Romani,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
lege conciliati homines cum dis putandi sunt,
id. Leg. 1, 7, 23:
pro deum atque hominum fidem!
Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 16 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Ann. v. 566 Vahl.); so, id. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4 (Ann. v. 567) and ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 254); but homo, sing., is used of the human race, mankind (= homines, genus humanum), when it has no predicate joined with it:
qua haud scio an quidquam melius sit homini datum,
Cic. Lael. 6, 20; 3, 11:
taces, Monstrum hominis?
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 29; cf.:
odium illud hominis impuri,
Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1:
quid hoc sit hominis?
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf.:
quid illuc hominus est?
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 17;
in addresses: nisi caves tu homo, etc.,
id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:
tu homo adigis me ad insaniam,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 31.—In apposition:
mares homines,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 32:
amanti homini adulescenti,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 94; cf.:
filius homo adulescens,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 52;
v. adulescens: verberare hominem senem,
id. Ad. 4, 2, 23:
servom hominem,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 62:
oculi hominis histrionis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:
nemo homo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29; cf.:
ut homo nemo velit nisi hominis similis esse,
Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78;
v. nemo. —Of females: mater, cujus ea stultitia est, ut eam nemo hominem appellare possit,
Cic. Clu. 70, 199:
quae (Io) bos ex homine est,
Ov. F. 5, 620; Juv. 6, 284:
dulcissimum ab hominis camelinum lac,
Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123: homines feminae (opp. mares homines), Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 3.—
2.
Prov.
a.
Quot homines, tot sententiae, many men, many minds, i. e. every one has his own opinion, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 14; Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 15.—
b.
Ut homo est, ita morem geras, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77 (but in Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 36 spurious, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—
c.
Homines, dum docent, discunt, Sen. Ep. 7, 8 fin. —
d.
Aiunt homines plus in alieno negotio videre quam in suo, the lookers-on see farther in the game than the players, id. ib. 109, 16. —
e.
Homo nulli coloris, neither fish nor flesh, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99.—
f.
Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
homo ego sum, homo tu es,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 46.—
g.
Lupus homo homini, non homo, quom qualis sit non novit, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 88.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Pregn., in a good or a bad sense.
a.
In a good sense (cf. vir), a man, as a reasonable or moral being:
homo es, qui me emunxisti mucidum,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:
si homo esset, eum potius legeret,
Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:
nox te expolivit hominemque reddidit,
id. de Or. 2, 10, 40:
si vis homo esse,
id. Att. 4, 15, 2:
homines visi sumus,
id. ib. 13, 52, 2:
nos quod simus, quod habeamus, quod homines existimemur, id omne abs te habere,
id. Fam. 7, 29, 1:
si tu sis homo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 11:
et tu illum tuom, si esses homo, sineres, etc.,
if you had a man's sense, id. ib. 1, 2, 27:
exuens hominem ex homine,
Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: cum Socrates Alcibiadi persuasisset, eum nihil hominis esse, that he was nothing of a man (i. e. in no respect such as a man should be), id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77:
(Nero) dicebat se quasi hominem tandem habitare coepisse,
like a human being, Suet. Ner. 31:
me hominem inter homines voluit esse,
Petr. 39. —
b.
In a bad sense, a man, as a weak, mortal being, subject to error, of low condition (rare):
fateor me saepe peccasse, nam et homo sum et adhuc juvenis,
Petr. 130: cf.
homines sumus, non dei,
id. 75:
(Demosthenes, Homerus) summi sunt, homines tamen,
Quint. 10, 1, 25.—In fem.: quae si hoc tempore non diem suum obiisset, paucis post annis tamen ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.—Also of servants (as distinguished from a free Roman): homo P. Quinti, Quintus's man, i. e. his slave, servant, Cic. Quint. 19, 61:
vinum familiae... Saturnalibus et Compitalibus in singulos homines congios,
Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Cat. 10, 16.—
2.
In opp. to a woman, a man (anteand post-class., and very rare):
mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 57; Lact. 2, 12; Dig. 48, 19, 38.—
* 3.
In milit. lang., homines, opp. to cavalry, foot-soldiers, infantry:
capti homines equitesque producebantur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 39, 5; cf. vir. —
4.
Homo novus, v. novus.—
5.
Bodies, corpses:
jam pigritia singulos sepeliendi promisce acervatos cumulos hominum urebant,
Liv. 5, 48, 3.—
6.
Particular phrases.
a.
Paucorum hominum esse, to have but few intimates, be choice in one's company: (Maecenas) paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae. Hor. S. 1, 9, 44:
homo est Perpaucorum hominum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19.— Hence, comically, of the favorite but rare fish, acipenser: Scipio vide, quid agas: acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12 (see the anecdote in connection).—
b.
Inter homines esse (agere).
(α).
To be among the living, to be alive, to live (very rare):
Hercules numquam abiisset ad deos, nisi cum inter homines esset, eam sibi viam munivisset,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:
inter homines esse desinere,
i. e. to die, Dig. 31, 1, 59; so,
agere inter homines desinere,
Tac. A. 15, 74 fin.:
ab hominibus ereptus est,
Dig. 31, 1, 58.—
(β).
To see the world, be among men:
iste homo qui numquam inter homines fuerit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76.—
II.
Transf., esp. in familiar lang., the man, the fellow, instead of the pron. he, his, him:
haben argentum ab homine?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 65:
ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, ut, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:
itast homo,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 63:
dixit, se senatui roganti de Marcello ne hominis quidem causa negaturum,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:
ei medico imperasti, ut venas hominis incideret,
id. Pis. 34, 83:
tantum esse in homine sceleris,
id. Sest. 9, 22 Halm.; 41, 89; id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:
persuasit homini,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3:
aut insanit homo aut versus facit,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 117:
agnoscit hominem Caesar,
Phaedr. 2, 5, 19 Burm. ad loc.; al.—
B.
Hic homo, this man, = I, myself (ante-class. and poet.):
hunc hominem velles si tradere,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 47:
solus hic homo est, qui sciat, etc.,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33:
tibi verba, huic homini verbera,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 114 (cf. hic, G.).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > homo
11 homo

homo, inis, masc. (altlat. hemo; vgl. nemo), der Mensch, Mann, I) im allg., der Mensch im Ggstz. zum Tiere (bestia od. belua), als masc. auch unser Mann im allg. (hingegen vir im Ggstz. zum Weibe, u. bes. da, wo man mit »Mann« den Begriff der Stärke u. Tüchtigkeit verbindet), im Plur. homines, Menschen, Leute, Cic. u.a.: homo adulescens od. adulescentulus, ein junger (unerfahrener, leichtsinniger) Mensch (Mann), Ggstz. homo senex, ein alter (bedächtiger) Mann, Komik.: h. servus, Sklavenseele, Ter.: h. nemo od. nemo homo, keine Menschenseele, kein Mensch, Ter., Cic. u.a. (s. Ruhnken Ter. eun. 3, 5, 1): h. Romanus, ein Mann von Rom, ein geborener Römer, Cic.: so auch Plur. homines Romani, Cic. (und so oft verstärkend bei Völkernamen): illustres homines, ausgezeichnete Männer, Cic.: clarissimus h., Cic. – im Ggstz. zum Weibe, mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto, Plaut. – inter homines esse = leben (zB. cum inter homines esset, bei Lebzeiten), Cic.; Ggstz. inter homines esse desinere, sterben, ICt. ( dafür inter homines agere desinere, Tac.); u. = unter Leuten sein, mit Leuten od. der großen Welt umgehen, numquam inter homines fuisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 76. – paucorum hominum esse, nur für wenige Menschen sein = mit wenigen umgehen, sich selten machen, paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae, der ist nur für wenige vernünftige Menschen, Hor.: Th. Immo sic homo est perpaucorum hominum (er ist für wenige nur). Gn. Immo nullorum arbitror, si tecum vivit, Ter.: u. im Wortspiel, acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, ist nur für wenige (= macht sich selten, wird selten gefunden, u. = reicht nur für wenige hin), Scip. fr. – monstrum hominis, Ungeheuer von einem Menschen, abscheulicher Mensch, Ter.: so auch odium hominis, verhaßter Mensch, Cic. – tu homo (du Mensch, du Menschenkind) adiges me ad insaniam, Ter. – hominum (von allen Menschenkindern) homo stultissime, Ter.: u. so optimus hominum es homo, Plaut.: hic homost hominum omnium praecipuus, Plaut. – II) insbes.: A) prägn., 1) der Mensch od. Mann als solcher, in seiner äußern od. individuellen Erscheinung, tantundem erat in homine, quantum in ingenio, Sen. exc. contr. 3. praef. § 3. p. 242, 5 K. – 2) der Mensch in bezug auf seine Vorzüge u. Gebrechen, a) ein Mann, Mensch = der die höhern u. gesteigerten Ansprüche an das Wesen eines Menschen befriedigt, eum nihil hominis esse, sei ein Mensch ohne alle höhern Vorzüge, Cic.: hominem ex homine tollere od. exuere, dem Menschen das nehmen, was ihn zum Menschen (von menschlichem Fühlen u. dgl.) macht, Cic.: te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. fr. – dah. besonders ein Mensch, der menschlich fühlt, homo sum (bin ein Mensch, habe ein menschliches Herz, fühle menschlich), nihil humani a me alienum puto, Ter.: si quidem homo esset, menschliche Gefühle hätte, Cic. – und = ein Mann von Verstand, -Wort, -Tatkraft, ein tüchtiger Mann, si homo esses od. esset, Ter. u. Cic. (vgl. Westerh. Ter. adelph. 1, 2, 27): si vis homo esse (ein Mann von Wort), recipe te ad nos, Cic.: homines visi sumus, wir ließen uns als tüchtige Leute sehen, Cic. – b) wie unser Mensch, Menschenkind = fehlendes Wesen, quia homo est, menschlich irrte, Cic.: summi enim sunt, homines tamen, musterhaft sind sie (die Redner) nämlich wohl, aber doch Menschen (u. deshalb nicht ohne Fehler), Quint.: nemo non nostrum peccat, homines sumus (Menschenkinder), non dei, Petron. – c) für freies-, gebildetes Wesen (da Sklaven nur als Sachen galten), hominem inter homines feci, zum Menschen unter Menschen, Petron.: hominem me inter homines esse voluit, ein Mensch unter Menschen, Petron. – d) ultra hominem od. homines, supra homines, über die menschliche Natur hinaus, ultra hominem efferatus, Amm. 27, 12, 11: ultra homines se efferens, Amm. 26, 8, 13; vgl. 31, 10, 19: augendi regni cupiditate supra homines flagrans, Amm. 18, 4, 1. – B) mit Nachdruck statt eines Pronomens = is, hic, ille, wie unser der od. jener Mann ( Mensch) = er, dieser, jener, von dem eben die Rede ist, valde hominem diligo, Cic.: nosti os hominis, Cic.; vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 22. p. 123. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 19. p. 174 sq. Kühner u. Klotz Cic. Tusc. 1, 49. Dietsch u. Kritz Sall. Iug. 70, 5. Bremi Nep. Dat. 10, 3. Fabri Liv. 21, 4, 9. Burmann Phaedr. 2, 5, 19. – dah. auf sich hinweisend: hic homo, der Mann = ich, Komik. u. Hor.; vgl. Wagner Ter. heaut. 356. Fritzsche u. Orelli Hor. sat. 1, 9, 47. – C) der Bursche, Sklave, homo P. Quincti, Cic.: Eros Marci homo, Inscr.: im Plur. = die Leute (Sklaven), arcesse homines, Plaut.: u. = die Angehörigen übh., a tuis hominibus abesse, Cic. – D) Plur. homines = Hausväter, Kolonisten mit ihren Familien, Liv. 34, 45, 1 (vgl. 32, 29, 4, wo dafür familiae). – E) im Ggstz. zur Reiterei homines = Fußgänger, Fußvolk, Caes. b. c. 2, 39, 4. Liv. 22, 52, 4. – F) meton., a) das Erdenleben, die Welt, cum maritus homine discesserit (geschieden ist), Solin. 52, 32. – b) die Mannbarkeit, Zeugungskraft, Mart. 9, 42, 10. – / Archaist. Genet. homenis, Prisc. 6, 15: Dat. homoni, Plaut. trin. 1130 R.²: Akk. homonem, Enn. ann. 138: Genet. Plur. homonum, *Nov. com. 88 R.²: Abl. Plur. homonibus, Plaut. trin. 1018 R.² (s. jedoch W. Müller Plautin. Pros. S. 502. A. 1 u. Nachtr. S. 80 f.). – Genet. Sing. hominus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 200. lin. 60 u. 63. – Archaist. Akk. huminem, nach Prisc. 1, 35, hemona nach Paul. ex Fest. 100, 5. – homo ist nirgends gen. fem., sondern steht überall als Gattungsbegriff Mensch im Ggstz. einerseits zur Gottheit, andererseits zum Tier (vgl. Charis. 102, 22), s. Plaut. Amph. 769. Cic. Clu. 199. Sulpic. in Cic. ep. 4, 5, 4. Verg. Aen. 1, 327. Iuven. 6, 284. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 897 f.

lateinisch-deutsches > homo
12 homo

homo, inis, masc. (altlat. hemo; vgl. nemo), der Mensch, Mann, I) im allg., der Mensch im Ggstz. zum Tiere (bestia od. belua), als masc. auch unser Mann im allg. (hingegen vir im Ggstz. zum Weibe, u. bes. da, wo man mit »Mann« den Begriff der Stärke u. Tüchtigkeit verbindet), im Plur. homines, Menschen, Leute, Cic. u.a.: homo adulescens od. adulescentulus, ein junger (unerfahrener, leichtsinniger) Mensch (Mann), Ggstz. homo senex, ein alter (bedächtiger) Mann, Komik.: h. servus, Sklavenseele, Ter.: h. nemo od. nemo homo, keine Menschenseele, kein Mensch, Ter., Cic. u.a. (s. Ruhnken Ter. eun. 3, 5, 1): h. Romanus, ein Mann von Rom, ein geborener Römer, Cic.: so auch Plur. homines Romani, Cic. (und so oft verstärkend bei Völkernamen): illustres homines, ausgezeichnete Männer, Cic.: clarissimus h., Cic. – im Ggstz. zum Weibe, mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto, Plaut. – inter homines esse = leben (zB. cum inter homines esset, bei Lebzeiten), Cic.; Ggstz. inter homines esse desinere, sterben, ICt. ( dafür inter homines agere desinere, Tac.); u. = unter Leuten sein, mit Leuten od. der großen Welt umgehen, numquam inter homines fuisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 76. – paucorum hominum esse, nur für wenige Menschen sein = mit wenigen umgehen, sich selten machen, paucorum hominum et men-

————

tis bene sanae, der ist nur für wenige vernünftige Menschen, Hor.: Th. Immo sic homo est perpaucorum hominum (er ist für wenige nur). Gn. Immo nullorum arbitror, si tecum vivit, Ter.: u. im Wortspiel, acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, ist nur für wenige (= macht sich selten, wird selten gefunden, u. = reicht nur für wenige hin), Scip. fr. – monstrum hominis, Ungeheuer von einem Menschen, abscheulicher Mensch, Ter.: so auch odium hominis, verhaßter Mensch, Cic. – tu homo (du Mensch, du Menschenkind) adiges me ad insaniam, Ter. – hominum (von allen Menschenkindern) homo stultissime, Ter.: u. so optimus hominum es homo, Plaut.: hic homost hominum omnium praecipuus, Plaut. – II) insbes.: A) prägn., 1) der Mensch od. Mann als solcher, in seiner äußern od. individuellen Erscheinung, tantundem erat in homine, quantum in ingenio, Sen. exc. contr. 3. praef. § 3. p. 242, 5 K. – 2) der Mensch in bezug auf seine Vorzüge u. Gebrechen, a) ein Mann, Mensch = der die höhern u. gesteigerten Ansprüche an das Wesen eines Menschen befriedigt, eum nihil hominis esse, sei ein Mensch ohne alle höhern Vorzüge, Cic.: hominem ex homine tollere od. exuere, dem Menschen das nehmen, was ihn zum Menschen (von menschlichem Fühlen u. dgl.) macht, Cic.: te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. fr. – dah. besonders ein Mensch, der menschlich fühlt, homo

————

sum (bin ein Mensch, habe ein menschliches Herz, fühle menschlich), nihil humani a me alienum puto, Ter.: si quidem homo esset, menschliche Gefühle hätte, Cic. – und = ein Mann von Verstand, -Wort, - Tatkraft, ein tüchtiger Mann, si homo esses od. esset, Ter. u. Cic. (vgl. Westerh. Ter. adelph. 1, 2, 27): si vis homo esse (ein Mann von Wort), recipe te ad nos, Cic.: homines visi sumus, wir ließen uns als tüchtige Leute sehen, Cic. – b) wie unser Mensch, Menschenkind = fehlendes Wesen, quia homo est, menschlich irrte, Cic.: summi enim sunt, homines tamen, musterhaft sind sie (die Redner) nämlich wohl, aber doch Menschen (u. deshalb nicht ohne Fehler), Quint.: nemo non nostrum peccat, homines sumus (Menschenkinder), non dei, Petron. – c) für freies-, gebildetes Wesen (da Sklaven nur als Sachen galten), hominem inter homines feci, zum Menschen unter Menschen, Petron.: hominem me inter homines esse voluit, ein Mensch unter Menschen, Petron. – d) ultra hominem od. homines, supra homines, über die menschliche Natur hinaus, ultra hominem efferatus, Amm. 27, 12, 11: ultra homines se efferens, Amm. 26, 8, 13; vgl. 31, 10, 19: augendi regni cupiditate supra homines flagrans, Amm. 18, 4, 1. – B) mit Nachdruck statt eines Pronomens = is, hic, ille, wie unser der od. jener Mann ( Mensch) = er, dieser, jener, von dem eben die Rede ist, valde homi-

————

nem diligo, Cic.: nosti os hominis, Cic.; vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 22. p. 123. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 19. p. 174 sq. Kühner u. Klotz Cic. Tusc. 1, 49. Dietsch u. Kritz Sall. Iug. 70, 5. Bremi Nep. Dat. 10, 3. Fabri Liv. 21, 4, 9. Burmann Phaedr. 2, 5, 19. – dah. auf sich hinweisend: hic homo, der Mann = ich, Komik. u. Hor.; vgl. Wagner Ter. heaut. 356. Fritzsche u. Orelli Hor. sat. 1, 9, 47. – C) der Bursche, Sklave, homo P. Quincti, Cic.: Eros Marci homo, Inscr.: im Plur. = die Leute (Sklaven), arcesse homines, Plaut.: u. = die Angehörigen übh., a tuis hominibus abesse, Cic. – D) Plur. homines = Hausväter, Kolonisten mit ihren Familien, Liv. 34, 45, 1 (vgl. 32, 29, 4, wo dafür familiae). – E) im Ggstz. zur Reiterei homines = Fußgänger, Fußvolk, Caes. b. c. 2, 39, 4. Liv. 22, 52, 4. – F) meton., a) das Erdenleben, die Welt, cum maritus homine discesserit (geschieden ist), Solin. 52, 32. – b) die Mannbarkeit, Zeugungskraft, Mart. 9, 42, 10. – ⇒ Archaist. Genet. homenis, Prisc. 6, 15: Dat. homoni, Plaut. trin. 1130 R.²: Akk. homonem, Enn. ann. 138: Genet. Plur. homonum, *Nov. com. 88 R.²: Abl. Plur. homonibus, Plaut. trin. 1018 R.² (s. jedoch W. Müller Plautin. Pros. S. 502. A. 1 u. Nachtr. S. 80 f.). – Genet. Sing. hominus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 200. lin. 60 u. 63. – Archaist. Akk. huminem, nach Prisc. 1, 35, hemona nach Paul. ex Fest. 100, 5. – homo ist nirgends gen. fem., sondern steht

————

überall als Gattungsbegriff Mensch im Ggstz. einerseits zur Gottheit, andererseits zum Tier (vgl. Charis. 102, 22), s. Plaut. Amph. 769. Cic. Clu. 199. Sulpic. in Cic. ep. 4, 5, 4. Verg. Aen. 1, 327. Iuven. 6, 284. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 897 f.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > homo
13 ille

illĕ, illă, illŭd, pron.-adj. dém. celui-là, celle-là, cela; ce, cet, cette, ces...    - la déclinaison    - gén. sing. illīus (illĭus).    - arch. ollus (olle), olla, ollum. [st1]1 [-] en parl. d'une personne ou d'une chose éloignée.    - ille... hic...: celui-là... celui-ci... (le premier... le second...).    - alternanda sunt solitudo et frequentia; illa nobis faciet hominum desiderium, haec nostri, Sen. Tranq. 17: il faut alterner la solitude et la vie en société; celle-là nous fera regretter le commerce des hommes, celle-ci le repli sur nous-mêmes.    - si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est, Quint. 7: à défaut de ces remèdes-ci, il faut recourir à ceux-là.    - philosophia non illa de natura... sed haec... Cic.: la philosophie, non point celle qui traite de la physique, mais celle dont nous nous occupons.    - hunc illum poscere fata reor, Virg.: cet Enée que nous voyons est celui-là que réclament les destins.    - si hic illi (insidias fecit), Cic.: si Milton ici présent lui a tendu un piège (à lui, Clodius, qui est mort)?    - melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos qui dulces videantur; illos verum saepe dicere, hos numquam, Cic. Lael. (sub. inf.): d'âpres ennemis valent mieux pour certaines gens que des amis qu'ils trouvent pleins de douceur: les premiers disent souvent la vérité, les seconds ne la disent jamais.    - illa arbor: cet arbre là-bas.    - illi summi viri quorum virtutes sunt proditae litteris, Cic.: ces grands hommes d'autrefois dont les vertus ont été célébrées par les lettres.    - illo tempore: en ce temps-là, en ce temps lointain.    - consules illi: les consuls de cette année-là.    - noster ille Ennius: notre vieil Ennius.    - ex illo, Virg. Ov.: depuis ce temps-là. [st1]2 [-] ille avec valeur emphatique.    - ille (mélioratif): ce grand homme.    - illud (mélioratif): cette action glorieuse.    - ille moriens apud Mantineam Epaminondas, Cic.: le grand Epaminondas, mourant près de Mantinée.    - ille orator: cet illustre orateur.    - Medea illa, Cic.: la fameuse Médée.    - en illa, illa, quam saepe optastis, libertas, Sall.: la voici, la voici, cette liberté, objet de vos voeux! [st1]3 [-] ille avec d'autres pronoms (qqf. explétif).    - cum primum audivi, ego ille ipse factus sum, scis quem dicam, Cic. Fam. 2: dès que j'appris la nouvelle, me voilà devenu lui-même, tel qu'il est, tu sais de qui je parle.    - huic illi legato, huic publico testi tradere, Cic. Flac.: livrer à ce député, à ce témoin public.    - hic ille omnia quae voluit de re publica dixit, Cic. Att. 2: là, cet homme dit tout ce qu'il voulut sur la situation de l'Etat.    - hic est enim ille voltus semper idem, Cic. Tusc. 3: oui, c'est bien ce visage, toujours le même.    - est idem ille tyrannus, deterrimum genus et finitimum optimo, Cic. Rep. 1: cette tyrannie est à la fois le pire des gouvernements et le plus proche du meilleur.    - hic est ille qui a quibusdam fieri solet status quantitatis, Quint. 7: c'est ce que certains ont coutume d'appeler l'état de cause de quantité. [st1]4 [-] ille renvoyant à ce qui précède.    - quae cum dixisset, finem ille; ego autem... Cic. Fin. 4: ayant dit cela, lui s'arrêta; quant à moi... [st1]5 [-] ille annonçant ce qui suit.    - sed illa sunt lumina duo... Cic.: mais voici deux lumières...    - illud negare potes te de re judicata judicasse? Cic.: peux-tu nier ce fait notoire que tu as jugé une chose déjà jugée? [st1]6 [-] quelques tournures remarquables.    - hic et ille: tel et tel.    - non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud; hoc dico, nullum te Aspendi signum, Verres, reliquisse, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: je ne dirai pas qu'il en fut enlevé telle et telle statue: je dis, Verrès, que tu n'en as pas laissé une seule dans Aspendos.    - hic aut ille: tel ou tel.    - ille... ille... ille... ille...: un tel... un tel... un tel... un tel...    - illud + gén. sing. - convenire principi electo atque illud aetatis, Suet. Galb. 14: convenir à un prince choisi et de cet âge.    - numquam postea publico se illud horae commisit, Suet. Ner. 26: jamais plus il ne se hasarda en public à cette heure-là.
* * *
illĕ, illă, illŭd, pron.-adj. dém. celui-là, celle-là, cela; ce, cet, cette, ces...    - la déclinaison    - gén. sing. illīus (illĭus).    - arch. ollus (olle), olla, ollum. [st1]1 [-] en parl. d'une personne ou d'une chose éloignée.    - ille... hic...: celui-là... celui-ci... (le premier... le second...).    - alternanda sunt solitudo et frequentia; illa nobis faciet hominum desiderium, haec nostri, Sen. Tranq. 17: il faut alterner la solitude et la vie en société; celle-là nous fera regretter le commerce des hommes, celle-ci le repli sur nous-mêmes.    - si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est, Quint. 7: à défaut de ces remèdes-ci, il faut recourir à ceux-là.    - philosophia non illa de natura... sed haec... Cic.: la philosophie, non point celle qui traite de la physique, mais celle dont nous nous occupons.    - hunc illum poscere fata reor, Virg.: cet Enée que nous voyons est celui-là que réclament les destins.    - si hic illi (insidias fecit), Cic.: si Milton ici présent lui a tendu un piège (à lui, Clodius, qui est mort)?    - melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos qui dulces videantur; illos verum saepe dicere, hos numquam, Cic. Lael. (sub. inf.): d'âpres ennemis valent mieux pour certaines gens que des amis qu'ils trouvent pleins de douceur: les premiers disent souvent la vérité, les seconds ne la disent jamais.    - illa arbor: cet arbre là-bas.    - illi summi viri quorum virtutes sunt proditae litteris, Cic.: ces grands hommes d'autrefois dont les vertus ont été célébrées par les lettres.    - illo tempore: en ce temps-là, en ce temps lointain.    - consules illi: les consuls de cette année-là.    - noster ille Ennius: notre vieil Ennius.    - ex illo, Virg. Ov.: depuis ce temps-là. [st1]2 [-] ille avec valeur emphatique.    - ille (mélioratif): ce grand homme.    - illud (mélioratif): cette action glorieuse.    - ille moriens apud Mantineam Epaminondas, Cic.: le grand Epaminondas, mourant près de Mantinée.    - ille orator: cet illustre orateur.    - Medea illa, Cic.: la fameuse Médée.    - en illa, illa, quam saepe optastis, libertas, Sall.: la voici, la voici, cette liberté, objet de vos voeux! [st1]3 [-] ille avec d'autres pronoms (qqf. explétif).    - cum primum audivi, ego ille ipse factus sum, scis quem dicam, Cic. Fam. 2: dès que j'appris la nouvelle, me voilà devenu lui-même, tel qu'il est, tu sais de qui je parle.    - huic illi legato, huic publico testi tradere, Cic. Flac.: livrer à ce député, à ce témoin public.    - hic ille omnia quae voluit de re publica dixit, Cic. Att. 2: là, cet homme dit tout ce qu'il voulut sur la situation de l'Etat.    - hic est enim ille voltus semper idem, Cic. Tusc. 3: oui, c'est bien ce visage, toujours le même.    - est idem ille tyrannus, deterrimum genus et finitimum optimo, Cic. Rep. 1: cette tyrannie est à la fois le pire des gouvernements et le plus proche du meilleur.    - hic est ille qui a quibusdam fieri solet status quantitatis, Quint. 7: c'est ce que certains ont coutume d'appeler l'état de cause de quantité. [st1]4 [-] ille renvoyant à ce qui précède.    - quae cum dixisset, finem ille; ego autem... Cic. Fin. 4: ayant dit cela, lui s'arrêta; quant à moi... [st1]5 [-] ille annonçant ce qui suit.    - sed illa sunt lumina duo... Cic.: mais voici deux lumières...    - illud negare potes te de re judicata judicasse? Cic.: peux-tu nier ce fait notoire que tu as jugé une chose déjà jugée? [st1]6 [-] quelques tournures remarquables.    - hic et ille: tel et tel.    - non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud; hoc dico, nullum te Aspendi signum, Verres, reliquisse, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: je ne dirai pas qu'il en fut enlevé telle et telle statue: je dis, Verrès, que tu n'en as pas laissé une seule dans Aspendos.    - hic aut ille: tel ou tel.    - ille... ille... ille... ille...: un tel... un tel... un tel... un tel...    - illud + gén. sing. - convenire principi electo atque illud aetatis, Suet. Galb. 14: convenir à un prince choisi et de cet âge.    - numquam postea publico se illud horae commisit, Suet. Ner. 26: jamais plus il ne se hasarda en public à cette heure-là.
* * *

    Ille, illa, illud, illius, pen. prod. illi. Terent. Celuy là, Cil que vous scavez, Celuy dont nous parlons, Il.

\

    Ille, pro aliquis. Horat. Dixerit ille. Pourra dire aucun.

\

    Ille, cum emphasi. Virgil. Sic Iuppiter ille monebat. Celuy qui est si renommé.

\

    Ego ille agrestis, saeuus, tristis. Terent. Moy qui suis celuy qui estoye, etc.

\

    Quod nostrum illum non fugit Catonem. Cic. Laquelle chose n'est pas incongneue à celuy là nostre Caton, Comme scait celuy nostre bon ami Caton.

\

    Fuit, fuit illa ista quondam in hac Rep. virtus, vt, etc. Cic. Ceste vertu là.

\

    Ille ipse. Cic. Cestuy là mesme.

\

    Ille alter. Cic. Cest autre là.

\

    Nae illiusmodi iam nobis magna ciuium penuria est. Terent. De ceste sorte là.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > ille
14 sum

1.
sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:
esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:
FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:
fuerim,
id. ib. 4, 8, 54:
fuerit,
id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:
sies,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:
siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:
sient,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,
fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:
fuant,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.
I.
As a verb substantive, to be.
A.
In gen.
1.
Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:
definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,
Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:
si abest, nullus est,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:
nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:
ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),
id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:
omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:
non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,
Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):
flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12:
homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!
Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:
si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,
id. Lael. 22, 83:
nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,
id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:
si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,
id. Att. 11, 4, 1:
si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:
nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,
id. Sen. 22, 79:
si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:
fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,
Verg. A. 2, 325:
sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,
Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—
2.
Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:
illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 23, 37:
amabo, quid tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:
quid se futurum esset,
Liv. 33, 27. —
3.
Of location, to be present, to be at a place.
(α).
With adv., or other expressions of place:
cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:
cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,
id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:
cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cum essemus in castris,
id. ib. 1, 15:
nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?
id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:
vos istic commodissime sperem esse,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
(β).
Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:
deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:
quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—
(γ).
Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:
cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:
eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,
id. Brut. 90, 309:
erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:
qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,
id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:
Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:
cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77:
ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:
cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,
Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:
Curio fuit ad me sane diu,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:
cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,
id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:
esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,
Liv. 28, 18.—
4.
Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:
cum est in sagis civitas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:
in laxa toga,
Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;
Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,
Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §
11: in servitute,
id. Clu. 7, 21:
in illa opinione populari,
id. ib. 51, 142:
in magno nomine et gloria,
id. Div. 1, 17, 31:
in spe,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:
in tanta moestitia,
id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:
in odio,
id. Att. 2, 22, 1:
in probris, in laudibus,
id. Off. 1, 18, 61:
in officio,
id. ib. 1, 15, 49:
in injustitia,
id. ib. 1, 14, 42:
in vitio,
id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:
ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:
ne in mora illi sis,
id. ib. 3, 1, 9:
hic in noxia'st,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:
quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:
in ingenti periculo,
Liv. 5, 47:
in pace,
id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:
(statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:
si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,
id. Lael. 23, 87:
ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,
id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:
in periculo): ego sum spe bona,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:
res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:
incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,
id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:
rem illam suo periculo esse,
id. Att. 6, 1, 6:
ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,
Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:
dare nummos meo periculo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:
communi periculo,
ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—
5.
To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:
res erat non in opinione dubia,
Cic. Dom. 5, 11:
sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 5:
omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,
Liv. 10, 14, 12:
quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,
Col. 12, 4, 3. —
B.
In partic.
1.
Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.
a.
With indic.
(α).
Without subject expressed:
mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:
sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,
id. Cas. prol. 67:
sunt quae te volumus percontari,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:
quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?
id. ib. 1, 1, 10:
quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?
id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:
quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:
tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?
id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:
quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?
id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:
at ego est quod volo loqui,
id. As. 1, 3, 79:
est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:
sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:
ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 51:
sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:
sed est quod suscenset tibi,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:
est quod me transire oportet,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:
quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1, 7:
sunt item quae appellantur alces,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:
(nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,
id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:
sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:
sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,
id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:
quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,
id. ib. 2, 55, 167:
sunt autem quae praeterii,
id. Att. 10, 4, 11:
sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,
id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:
sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,
id. Off. 1, 24, 84:
Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:
sunt qui ita dicunt,
Sall. C. 19, 4:
sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,
Quint. 11, 3, 55:
sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:
sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,
id. S. 2, 1, 1:
sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—
(β).
With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:
sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:
est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):
erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,
id. ib. 3, 5, 21:
multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,
Cic. Lael. 16, 57:
sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,
id. Brut. 48, 177:
fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:
nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:
sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,
id. Lael. 20, 72:
sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:
multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,
id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:
sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:
permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:
fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,
Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:
alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,
Sall. C. 52, 21.—
b.
With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;
sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,
id. Off. 1, 21, 71:
de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:
est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:
praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:
quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:
sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:
sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:
vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—
(β).
With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:
sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:
rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,
id. Div. 1, 49, 111:
quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?
id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:
solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:
quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,
id. Lael. 23, 86:
erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,
id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:
quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:
sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,
id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5:
est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,
id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:
Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:
unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,
id. Att. 1, 18, 7:
si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,
id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:
multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,
Sen. Ep. 24, 26:
erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:
fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:
sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,
id. A. P. 347.—
* c.
Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):
est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,
Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—
2.
With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:
nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,
Cic. Brut. 10, 40:
est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,
id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:
familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,
id. Att. 8. 3, 2:
privatus illis census erat brevis,
Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:
Trojae et huic loco nomen est,
Liv. 1, 1, 5:
Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,
Ter. Hec. prol. 1:
cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:
Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,
Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):
nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),
nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:
neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),
has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—
b.
Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:
tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:
sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:
jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,
id. Quint. 6, 25:
si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,
id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—
3.
Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).
(α).
Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:
es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?
do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:
ab Andria est ancilla haec,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:
erat enim ab isto Aristotele,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:
sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,
makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —
(β).
Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:
(judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—
(γ).
Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:
(creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:
duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,
id. Or. 63, 212:
etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,
id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —
4.
Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):
horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,
i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:
nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:
sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,
Tib. 3, 5, 32:
fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,
Verg. A. 2, 325:
certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,
Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—
5.
Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:
quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:
sunt ista, Laeli,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:
ista esse credere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:
est ut dicis, inquam,
id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:
sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,
Col. 3, 3, 13:
esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:
verum esto,
id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:
esto,
Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,
b.
The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.
(α).
Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:
sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:
si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:
si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:
est, ut id maxime deceat,
Cic. Or. 59, 199:
quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48:
non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,
id. Div 1, 56, 128:
non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,
Lucr. 5, 979:
futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:
est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,
id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:
numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,
Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:
magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:
quid erat cur Milo optaret,
id. ib. 13, 34:
neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —
(β).
Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:
erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:
est, ubi id isto modo valeat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—
(γ).
Est cum, sometimes:
est cum non est satius, si, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—
(δ).
Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:
est quod visam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:
etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,
I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,
Liv. 30, 31, 9:
quod timeas non est,
Ov. H. 19, 159:
nil est illic quod moremur diutius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:
non est quod multa loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:
non est cur eorum spes infragatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 6:
nihil est cur,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—
(ε).
Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):
est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:
Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:
nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,
Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:
neque est te fallere quicquam,
Verg. G. 4, 447:
unde Plus haurire est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:
est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,
id. ib. 2, 5, 103:
quod versu dicere non est,
id. ib. 1, 5, 87:
quod tangere non est,
Ov. M. 3, 478:
quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,
Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:
ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,
Tac. A. 16, 34:
est videre argentea vasa,
id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:
ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,
Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):
tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46:
fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,
Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—
(ζ).
In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):
cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,
Liv. 2, 17, 5:
si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,
id. 28, 22, 8:
jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
id. 8, 27, 3:
cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,
id. 33, 41, 9:
non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,
id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):
cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,
Hyg. Fab. 261. —
6.
Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):
ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:
nam numero mi in mentem fuit,
id. Am. 1, 1, 26:
ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5, 22:
portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:
ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,
id. Att. 15, 4, 2:
qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,
id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:
quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,
Liv. 2, 14, 4:
nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,
Suet. Aug. 16:
esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:
in eorum potestatem portum futurum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—
7.
Of time, to pass, elapse (rare but class.):
diem scito nullum esse, quo, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1.
II.
As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.
A.
In gen.
1.
With an adj., subst., or pron.:
et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:
quod in homine multo est evidentius,
id. ib. 8, 27:
sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,
id. ib. 4, 15:
non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:
cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,
id. Lael. 7, 24:
consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:
nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:
pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,
Liv. 45, 49:
nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:
sanguis erant lacrimae,
Luc. 9, 811:
ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:
tuos sum,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:
is enim fueram, cui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—
2.
Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:
sic, inquit, est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:
est, inquit, ut dicis,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63:
quod ita cum sit,
id. ib. 1, 45, 69:
quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:
nec vero habere virtutem satis est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:
dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:
apud matrem recte est,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:
cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,
id. Deiot. 7, 19:
omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:
dicta impune erant,
Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:
quod in maritimis facillime sum,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:
locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,
id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—
B.
In partic.
1.
With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:
in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,
Nep. Att. 6, 1:
qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,
id. Them. 9, 1:
qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,
Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;
si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,
id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —
2.
With gen. or abl. denoting quality.
(α).
With gen.:
nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36:
disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,
id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:
magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,
id. Or. 21, 70:
(virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,
id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:
Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,
Sall. J. 95, 3:
summi ut sint laboris,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2:
civitas magnae auctoritatis,
id. ib. 5, 54:
refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:
se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:
qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,
id. ib. 11, 1:
invicti ad laborem corporis erat,
Liv. 9, 16:
nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,
id. 21, 60:
somni brevissimi erat,
Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:
classis centum navium,
Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:
annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,
Suet. Caes. 40.—
(β).
With abl.:
bono animo es,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:
jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,
id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:
bellum varia victoria fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 1:
L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,
id. C. 5, 1:
Sulla animo ingenti,
id. J. 95, 3:
esse magna gratia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:
tenuissima valetudine esse,
id. ib. 5, 40:
si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
ut bono essent animo,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:
ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,
id. ib. 1, 43, 67:
qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:
abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —
3.
With gen. or abl. of price or value.
(α).
With gen.:
pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:
videtur esse quantivis pretii,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:
a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,
id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:
si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:
ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,
id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:
ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:
magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76:
an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,
id. ib. 3, 23, 92:
parvi pretii est quod nihili est,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:
mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,
is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:
neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,
Sall. J. 85, 39:
erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,
Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —
(β).
With abl.: sextante sal et Romae et per totam I i aliam erat, was worth, stood at, Liv. 29, 37.—
4.
With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,
who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,
Liv. 37, 55, 5:
teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:
quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:
sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 333:
temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,
id. Sen. 6, 20:
est adulescentis majores natu vereri,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122:
Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,
Liv. 8, 12, 13:
tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,
id. 3, 48:
alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,
id. 22, 50:
jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:
hominum, non causarum, toti erant,
Liv. 3, 36:
plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,
were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:
Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,
id. 38, 3:
Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,
id. 42, 29:
est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:
quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:
negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:
non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:
est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:
est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,
Cic. Mur. 38, 83:
fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,
id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—
(β).
Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:
quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:
regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,
Sall. C. 6, 7:
qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,
Liv. 3, 31, 7:
ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,
id. 27, 9, 12:
nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,
id. 38, 51, 8:
frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,
id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—
5.
With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:
vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:
etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,
Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:
ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,
Liv. 2, 9:
magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,
id. 4, 21, 5:
cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,
id. 31, 13:
iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,
Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:
tu nec solvendo eras,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—
6.
With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.
(α).
Without second dat. of pers.:
auxilio is fuit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 94:
magis curae'st,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:
cui bono fuerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,
Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;
tamen ero frugi bonae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:
magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 78:
multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:
haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,
Liv. 4, 13:
cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,
Quint. 7, 1, 2.—
(β).
With second dat. of pers.:
obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:
ne quid Captioni mihi sit,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:
mihi cordi est,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:
ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,
id. As. 3, 2, 25:
metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:
nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,
id. Most. 2, 1, 4:
bono usui estis nulli,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
quae sint nobis morbo mortique,
Lucr. 6, 1095:
quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:
omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:
accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:
ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,
id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §
144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,
Liv. 35, 23, 1:
sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,
id. 4, 7, 6:
si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,
Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:
quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,
id. Pan. 25, 3:
quantae sit mihi curae,
id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:
si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,
Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:
nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,
Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—
7.
Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:
vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato, R. R. 125:
completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—
8.
Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:
sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,
Cic. Brut. 46, 172:
quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,
id. Lael. 26, 97:
meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:
si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 6:
ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:
cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,
id. 8, 3, 89.—
9.
Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:
esse dederat monumentum,
Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).
2.
sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.
3.
sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sum
15 neque

nĕ-que or nec (used indifferently before vowels and consonants. The notion that nec in class. prose stands only before consonants is wholly unfounded. Ap. Cic. in the Rep. alone we find nec nineteen times before vowels; viz.: nec accipere, 3, 13, 23: nec alios, 2, 37, 62: nec enim, 1, 24, 38; 6, 25, 27: nec esset, 5, 5, 7: nec ex se, 6, 24, 27:
nec id, 1, 1, 1: nec inportatis, 2, 15, 29: nec in, 6, 23, 25: nec inconstantiam, 3, 11, 18: nec injussu, 6, 15, 15: nec ipsius, 1, 26, 41: nec ipsum, 6, 24, 27: nec ulla, 1, 34, 51: nec ullo, 1, 37, 58: nec una, 2, 1, 2: nec hic, 3, 33, 45: nec hominis, 2, 21, 37: nec hunc, 6, 25, 29. Cf. also such passages as neque reliquarum virtutum, nec ipsius rei publicae,
Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:
dabo tibi testes nec nimis antiquos nec ullo modo barbaros,
id. ib. 1, 37, 58:
nec atrocius... neque apertius,
id. Tull. 1, 2:
nec homo occidi nec consulto, etc.,
id. ib. 14, 34. The true distinction is, that in the form nec the negation is more prominent; in the form neque, the connective force of the particle; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, p. 94 sq.), adv. and conj. [ne-que], not; and not, also not.
I.
Adv., like ne, in ante-class. Latinity (v. ne, I.) as a general negative particle, = non, not (usually in the form nec. In class. Lat. this usage seems to be confined to certain formulae, as nec opinans, nec procul abesse, nec mancipi, etc.; v. infra): nec conjunctionem grammatici fere dicunt esse disjunctivam, ut: nec legit, nec scribit: cum si diligentius inspiciatur, ut fecit Sinnius Capito, intellegi possit, eam positam esse ab antiquis pro non, ut et in XII. est: AST EI CVSTOS NEC ESCIT, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.:
SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, etc., Lex XII. Tab. (v. App. III. tab. 5): SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, etc., ib.: magistratus nec obedientem civem coërceto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6:
senatori, qui nec aderit, culpa esto,
id. ib. 3, 4, 11:
bruti nec satis sardare queunt,
Naev. 1, 4; 1, 7:
tu dis nec recte dicis: non aequum facis,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11:
nec recte,
id. As. 1, 3, 3; 2, 4, 65; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; Cat. 30, 4:
alter, qui nec procul aberat,
Liv. 1, 25, 10:
nec ullus = nullus: cui Parcae tribuere nec ullo vulnere laedi,
Verg. Cir. 269:
differentia mancipi rerum et nec mancipi,
Gai. Inst. 2, 18 sq. —Form neque: si quid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, etc., an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 4: neque opinantes insidiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 66; Auct. B. Alex. 75.
II.
Conj., in all periods and kinds of composition.
A.
In gen., = et non, and not, also not.
1.
Alone.
(α).
When the negative applies to the principal verb of the clause: multumque laborat, Nec respirandi fit copia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 437 Vahl.):
illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus, nec iisdem semper uno modo videntur, ficta esse dicimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:
delubra esse in urbibus censeo, nec sequor magos Persarum, quibus, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2:
quae mei testes dicunt, quia non viderunt nec sciunt,
id. Tull. 10, 24:
non eros nec dominos appellabant eos... sed patres et deos. Nec sine causā. Quid enim? etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:
illa, nec invideo, fruitur meliore marito,
Ov. H. 2, 79.—
(β).
Less freq. when the negative applies to some other word:
nec inventas illas toto orbe pares vires gloriatur,
Just. 11, 9, 5:
et vidi et perii, nec notis ignibus arsi,
Ov. H. 12, 33:
Anguibus exuitur tenui cum pelle vetustas, Nec faciunt cervos cornua jacta senes ( = et faciunt non senes),
id. A. A. 3, 77:
neque eum aequom facere ait,
Ter. Phorm, 1, 2, 64:
nec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas,
Liv. 2, 23, 14; 2, 14, 2; esp. in the phrases nec idcirco minus, nec eo minus, nec eo secius, neque eo magis;
thus: nec idcirco minus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 35, 151:
neque eo minus,
Liv. 41, 8, 8; Suet. Oth. 2; id. Vesp. 24:
neque eo secius,
Nep. Att. 2, 2:
neque eo magis,
id. Eum. 4, 2; id. Paus. 3, 5; id. Att. 8, 5:
cum consules in Hernicos exercitum duxissent, neque inventis in agro hostibus, Ferentinum urbem cepissent,
Liv. 7, 9, 1.—
2.
So, nec ullus, nec quisquam, for et nullus, et nemo, etc.:
nec ullo Gallorum ibi viro, etc.,
Liv. 38, 25, 3; Tac. Agr. 16:
nec quidquam magis quam ille, etc.,
Curt. 4, 2, 8.—
3.
With vero, enim, autem, tamen:
neque vero hoc solum dixit, sed ipse et sentit et fecit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:
nec vero jam meo nomine abstinent,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 6: nec enim respexit, etc., id. Clod. et Cur. 4, 4; id. Lael. 10, 32:
neque enim tu is es, qui, qui sis nescias,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 6:
nec tamen didici, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 38, 64:
neque autem ego sum ita demens, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 6.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Nec [p. 1202] = ne... quidem, not even (in Liv. and later writers;
in Cic. dub. since B. and K. read ne... quidem,
Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; id. Cat. 2, 4, 8; cf.
Hand, Turs. 4, 105 sqq.): ne quid ex antiquo praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent,
Liv. 5, 33, 11:
Maharbal nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,
id. 23, 18, 4:
nec nos,
id. 3, 52, 9; 34, 32, 9; 37, 20, 8; 38, 23, 3;
40, 20, 6: non spes modo, sed nec dilatio,
Just. 11, 8, 4:
tam pauper, quam nec miserabilis Irus,
Mart. 6, 77, 1; 5, 70, 6: Juv. 2, 151:
interrogatus, an facta hominum deos fallerent, nec cogitata, inquit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8; Tac. G. 6:
nec ipse,
Suet. Claud. 46; Flor. 1, 15, 3; Lact. 5, 13, 12; Amm. 14, 10, 3.—
2.
Nec = etiam non (freq. in Quint.):
ut, si in urbe fines non reguntur, nec aqua in urbe arceatur,
Cic. Top. 4, 23; id. Fin. 1, 11, 39:
nec si quid dicere satis non est, ideo nec necesse est,
Quint. 1, 1, 21:
quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,
id. 9, 2, 67; 5, 10, 86; 12, 3, 6;
2, 13, 7: sed neque haec in principem,
Tac. A. 4, 34; 3, 29; 2, 82.—
3.
Neque (nec)... neque (nec), neither... nor: quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, Nec cum capta capi, nec cum combusta cremari, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 360 Vahl.):
nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum... neque cum, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2:
nec meliores nec beatiores,
id. Rep. 1, 19, 32:
mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:
virtus nec eripi nec surripi potest umquam: neque naufragio neque incendio amittitur,
id. Par. 6, 3, 51: neque ego neque Caesar, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1; cf.:
haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 23; so,
non... nec... neque... neque: perspicuum est, non omni caussae, nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210.—The second nec is rarely placed after a word in the clause ( poet.):
nec deus hunc mensā, dea nec dignata cubili est,
Verg. E. 4, 63; id. A. 4, 365; 696:
sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam,
Juv. 14, 43.—With a preceding negative, which, however, does not destroy the negation contained in neque... neque:
non mediusfidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1:
ut omnes intellegant, nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo nec obscurare dicendo,
id. Clu. 1, 1:
nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis, neque forensibus neque domesticis, neque si tecum agas, neque si cum altero contrahas vacare officio potest,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3; 8, 1, 3; Liv. 38, 50, 11.—
4.
Neque (nec)... et (que), and et... neque (nec), when one clause is affirmative, on the one hand not... and on the other hand; not only not... but also; or the contrary, on the one hand... and on the other hand not; not only... but also not.
a.
Neque (nec)... et (que):
id neque amoris mediocris et ingenii summi et sapientiae judico,
Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:
animal nullum inveniri potest, quod neque natum umquam sit, et semper sit futurum,
id. N. D. 3, 13, 32; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; id. Brut. 58, 198; Caes. B. G. 4, 1; Tac. A. 3, 35:
ex quo intellegitur nec intemperantiam propter se fugiendam esse temperantiamque expetendam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 48:
perficiam, ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis,
id. Cat. 2, 13, 28:
sed nec illa exstincta sunt, alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et memoriā,
id. Lael. 27, 104; Ov. M. 2, 42; 811.—
b.
Et... neque (nec):
ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam nisi tuo commodo,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17:
patebat via et certa neque longa,
id. Phil. 11, 2, 4:
intellegitis et animum ei praesto fuisse, nec consilium defuisse,
id. ib. 13, 6, 13:
et... nec... et... et,
id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112.—
5.
Neque (nec) non (also in one word, necnon), emphatically affirmative, and also, and besides, and indeed, and:
nec haec non deminuitur scientia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4:
neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3:
nec vero non eadem ira deorum hanc ejus satellitibus injecit amentiam,
id. Mil. 32, 86:
nec vero Aristoteles non laudandus in eo, quod, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 16, 44: neque tamen illa non ornant, habiti honores, etc., id. de Or. 2, 85, 347:
neque tristius dicere quicquam debeo hac de re, neque non me tamen mordet aliquid,
id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
nec non et sterilis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 53; id. A. 8, 461; Suet. Tit. 5.—
b.
In Varro and after the Aug. per., nec non (or as one word, necnon) freq. as a simple conjunction = et, and, and likewise, and so too, and also:
ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, gruum, pavonum, necnon glirium, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Col. 8, 15, 6:
nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes Convenere,
Verg. A. 1, 707; Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118:
nec non etiam poëmata faciebat ex tempore,
Suet. Gram. 23:
nec non et ante,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 13:
nec non et quasi,
id. 2 Par. 3, 16. —
6.
Neque (nec) dum (also in one word, necdum), and not yet, not yet:
ille autem quid agat, si scis neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas ad me velim,
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 4; Cels. 5, 26, n. 33; Suet. Aug. 10; Juv. 11, 66:
necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2:
necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, necdum Impositos duris crepitare incudibus enses,
Verg. G. 2, 539; id. A. 11, 70.—Strengthened by tamen:
philosophi summi, neque dum tamen sapientiam consecuti, nonne intellegunt in summo se malo esse?
Cic. Tusc. 3, 28, 68; id. Att. 6, 3, 3:
et necdum (post-Aug.),
and not yet, Plin. Pan. 14, 1.—
7.
Nec... quidem; v. quidem.—
C.
Neque = et ne or neve.
1.
Expressing negative purpose.
(α).
After ut (class.):
ut ea, quae regie statuit in aratores, praetermittam neque eos appellem, a quibus, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:
hortemur liberos nostros, ut animo rei magnitudinem complectantur, neque eis praeceptis quibus utuntur omnes, ut consequi posse confidant, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 5, 19:
peterent ut dediticiis suis parcerent, neque in eum agrum arma inferrent,
Liv. 7, 31, 4; 1, 2, 4; 3, 52, 11; 27, 20, 12.—
(β).
After ne (not ante-Aug.):
conspirāsse inde, ne manus ad os cibum ferrent, nec os acciperet datum, nec dentes conficerent,
Liv. 2, 32, 10; 3, 21, 6; 4, 4, 11; 26, 42, 2.—
2.
In a prohibition (rare):
nec id mirati sitis, priusquam, etc.,
Liv. 5, 53, 3:
nec a me nunc quisquam quaesiverit, quid, etc.,
id. 9, 9, 9:
nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,
id. 23, 5, 3.—
D.
In contrasts, but not, not however (class.):
ubi aetas tantum modo quaestui neque luxuriae modum fecerat,
Sall. C. 24, 3:
gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi,
id. J. 88, 4:
consulatus sine ulla patrum injuriā, nec sine offensione fuit,
Liv. 3, 55, 1:
oppida oppugnata nec obsessa sunt,
id. 5, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Quint. 8, 6, 74; Tac. Agr. 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > neque
16 materia

māteria, ae, f. u. māteriēs, ēī, f. (mater), der Stoff, die Materie, woraus etwas hervorgeht, verfertigt oder unterhalten wird, I) eig.: A) im allg.: rerum, der Grundstoff der Dinge, Cic.: materia rudis, v. Chaos, Lucan.: ferri materia, Eisenerz, Iustin.: materiam praebet seges arida, v. Brennstoff, Zunder, Ov.: u. so habens semina flammae materies, Ov.: quaeque de sua materia grandescere, Lucr. – v. der Eitermaterie, dem Eiterstoff, Cels. 3, 27. no. 4. – v. Material zu einer Arbeit, zu einem Bau, parietum, Vitr.: materiam (an der Tür) superabat opus (die Arbeit), Ov.: u. so v. Baumaterialien aller Art, aes ferrumque et lintea et spartum et navalis alia materia ad classem aedificandam, Liv.: delata materia omnis infra Veliam, Liv.: vom Mauerkalk als Bindemittel beim Mauern, Iustin. – Plur., deûm imagines mortalibus materiis in species hominum effingere, Tac. hist. 5, 5: a deo ad materias avocant, lenken auf das Materielle ab, Min. Fel. 27, 2. – B) insbes., 1) das Holz der Nutzbarkeit nach, das Nutzholz, Bauholz (Ggstz. ligna, das Brennholz), a) als Nutzholz u. als noch grünes, frisches Holz übh., sowohl ganze Bäume als Zweige, lenta (zähes) materies, Plaut.: cupam materiā ulmeā aut fagineā facito, Cato: omni materiā et cultā et silvestri (alles Holz, sowohl angepflanztes als wildwachsendes) partim ad calefaciendum corpus igni adhibito et ad mitigandum cibum utimur, partim ad aedificandum, Cic.: materies vitis, das Stammholz = der Stamm (Ggstz. sarmenta), Cic.: inter librum et materiam (dem Stammholz), Colum.: genus surculorum aptum materiae (zu Nutzholz, Bau- u. Brennholz), Colum. u. so oft von den Zweigen, das grüne Holz, Colum. – b) als Bauholz, zu Häusern, Schiffen, Brücken, zur Befestigung eines Lagers usw., Cic., Caes. u.a.: materia viridis, Liv.: navalis, Curt. u. Liv. epit.: pabuli, lignorum (Brennholzes), materiae (Bauholzes) aggestus, Tac.: zu Stangen, Cato: materiam caedere, Bauholz fällen, Liv. u.a.: Plur., ligna, materiae, Plin. ep. 10, 41 (50), 2: materiae navales, Liv. epit. 48. – 2) der Nahrungsstoff, imbecillissima, valentissima, media, Cels. 2, 18. p. 66, 34 sqq. (D.). – u. die Lebensmittel, Vorräte, Ov. met. 8, 876. – 3) übtr., die Gattung, Rasse, Art der Tiere, zur Fortpflanzung, generosa, Colum. 6, 27 in.: vetus, Colum. 7, 3, 15. – II) übtr.: 1) die Materie, Materialien, der Stoff zu etw., als Gegenstand geistiger od. künstlerischer Tätigkeit, Aufgabe, Vorwurf, huius materiae tractatio, Sen.: ad iocandum, Cic.: sermonum, Cic.: artis, Stoff, Gegenstand der Künste u. Wissenschaften, womit sie sich beschäftigen, Cic.: operis iusti, Vell.: aequitatis, Materie (locus communis) von der Billigkeit, Cic.: crescit mihi materies, der Stoff wächst mir unter den Händen, Cic.: nunc in tres partes omnem hanc materiam dividam, Sen.: materiam sermonibus praebere, Tac. – 2) der Vorrat an etw., ficti (an erdichteten Vorwänden), Ov. met. 9, 769. – 3) der Brennstoff, Zündstoff = die Ursache, Gelegenheit, Anregung, Veranlassung zu etw., seditionis, Cic.: materies omnium malorum, Sall.: aurum, summi materies mali, Hor.: longo materia bello, Tac.: materiam dare invidiae, Cic.: non superbiae ac libidini, sed bonitati ac moderationi facultatem et materiam dare, Cic.: materiam praebere criminibus (Beschuldigungen), von einem Acker, Liv.: invidiae flammam ac materiam criminibus suggerere (v. einem Ankläger), Liv.: materiam gloriae eripere alci, Liv.: pro materia, der Sache gemäß, Ov. – 4) die geistige Anlage, zuw. das Talent, Naturell, Catonis, Cic.: ingentis decoris, Liv.: angebatur ferox Tullia nihil materiae in viro neque ad cupiditatem neque ad audaciam esse, er gar nicht das Zeug habe, Liv.: quae materia et quanta ad maximas res opportunitas in animis inesset hominum, Cic.: non sum materiā digna perire tuā, Naturell (hartes, empfindungsloses), Ov. – / Archaist. Genet. materiai, Lucr. 1, 1051; 2, 1065 u. 5, 67. – Genet. Plur. (v. materies) materierum, Lact. 2, 12, 1 ed. Buenem. (mit codd. optt.). Vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 411 u. 412.

lateinisch-deutsches > materia
17 sum [1]

1. sum, fuī, esse (ein unregelmäßiges, aus Teilen zweier verschiedener Verba zusammengesetztes Wort: sum abgekürzt aus esum st. eso v. griech. Stamm ΕΣ, wov. εἰμί; fui aber vom veralteten fuo, griech. φύω), I) als verbum concretum, sein, vorhanden sein, A) im allg.: 1) übh.: a) von der Existenz eines Gegenstandes, sein, vorhanden sein, existieren, dasein, am Leben sein, esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, Cic.: omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri, sunt, Cic.: nec enim, dum ero, angar ullā re, Cic.: adhuc sumus, Cic.: fuit, er hat gelebt, Tibull.: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium, Verg.: nullus sum, es ist aus mit mir, ich bin verloren, Komik., Cic. u.a.: alteri nulli sunt, sind zugrunde gegangen, Cic. – b) von dem Vorhandensein eines Zustandes, sein, vorhanden sein, vorliegen, stattfinden, non est periculum, Cic.: neque Romanorum in se meritum esse, Liv.: solis defectio fuit, fand statt, ereignete sich, Cic.: quid tibi est? was ist dir (geschehen)? was hast du? Cic.: quid se futurum esset, was würde mit ihnen geschehen, Liv. – c) von dem Befinden an einem Orte, sein, sich finden, leben, cum Athenis fuissem, Cic.: Romae esse, Cic.: in castris, in agro, in hortis, Cic.: esse in alqo, in jmd. stecken, in seine Gestalt, in ihn verwandelt sein, Ov. – d) von dem Befinden in einem Zustande, sein, leben, sich befinden, esse in aere alieno, Cic.: in bonis, Cic. in servitute, Cic.: in spe, Cic.: in maestitia, Cic.: in nomine et gloria, Cic.: in laudibus, Cic.: in officio, Cic.: in vitio, Cic.: in mora, Verzug verursachen, Ter.: in amore et deliciis alci, Cic. – e) v. Beruhen auf etwas, in etwas bestehen = auf etwas beruhen, omnem spem in impetu esse equitum, Liv.: totum in eo est, ut etc., Cic.: totum in eo est, ne etc., Colum.

2) Besondere Verbindungen: a) sunt qui, es gibt Leute, Dinge, die, α) mit folg. Indicat., wenn etwas Bestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui non audent, Cic.: sunt quae praeterii, Cic.: sunt quos genus hoc minime iuvat, Hor.: est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae, Prop. – bes. steht bei Indicat., wenn ein Subjekt genau angegeben wird, sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, Cic.: sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest etc., Cic. – β) m. folg. Coniunctiv, wenn etwas Gedachtes, Vorgestelltes od. Unbestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui dicant, Cic.: sunt qui anteponant, Cic.: erat nemo, in quem ea suspicio conveniret, Cic. – Auch findet sich est quibus, Prop. 3, 9, 17. – b) mihi est res, ich habe eine Sache, privatus illis census erat brevis, Hor.: cui nomen Arethusa est, Cic.: unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. – c) esse ad od. apud alqm, bei jmd. (in jmds. Hause) sein od. sich befinden, jmd. besuchen, eaque est nunc ad uxorem tuam, Ter.: fuit ad me satis diu, Cic.: quorum sint legati apud se, Caes.: fuisti apud Laecam illā nocte, Cic.: apud te est, ut volumus, Cic.: Brutum apud me fuisse gaudeo, Cic.: apud me sis volo, bei mir zu Tische seiest, bei mir speisest, Ter. – d) esse cum alqo (alqa), α) bei jmd. (in jmds. Zimmer, Hause) sein, essetne quis intus cum Caesare? Suet.: me te oblectes, mecum tota sis, Ter.: quam vellem Menedemum invitatum, ut nobiscum esset (bei mir zu Tische sei, speise), amplius (dringender), Ter.: doppelsinnig, tu vero, inquam, ducas licet, si sequetur: erit enim mecum (mit mir = auf meiner Seite), si tecum erit, Cic. de fin. 5, 86. – β) mit jmd. zusammensein, umgehen, erat nemo, quicum essem libentius, Cic.: multum mecum sunt, Cic.: secum esse, für sich sein, Cic. – γ) ehelich mit jmd. umgehen, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – e) esse alci cum alqo, mit jmd. zu tun haben, mit jmd. in Verbindung stehen, sibi cum illa nihil futurum, Cic.: si mihi tecum minus esset, Cic. – f) esse ab alqo, von jmd. sein, zu jmd. gehören, ab Andria est ancilla haec, Ter.: erat ab Aristotele, war ein Aristoteliker, Cic.: vide, ne hoc totum sit a me, für mich spricht, Cic. – g) esse pro alqo, für jmd. sein, jmdm. zustatten kommen, Cic. – h) esse in alqm locum, wohin sein (= wohin gegangen sein und sich dort befinden), fui hodie in funus, war zum Begräbnisse, Petron.: in conspectum fuisse, Suet. ( aber Cic. ad Att. 15, 4, 2 Wesenberg quo die in Tusculanum essem venturus). – i) esse in m. Abl., in einer Schrift stehen (s. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 1, 3. p. 4, a), quid fuit in litteris (in dem Br.)? Cic.: quamquam est in Originibus m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.

B) prägn., wirklich sein, stattfinden, statthaben, der Fall sein, in Kraft sein, Geltung haben, gelten, nec provocatio erat, Liv.: neque dictio est, Ter.: sunt ista, das ist so, Cic. – So bes. a) est, es ist so, es ist an dem, Cic.: sit ita, es sei so, gut, meinetwegen, Cic.: so auch esto, es mag sein, gut, meinetwegen, Cic. u. Hor.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., esto, alios teneri, Hor.: so auch sit m. folg. ut u. Konj., sit, ut intereant, Colum. – est ut od. m. folg. Infin., α) = es ist der Fall, daß usw., est, ut id deceat, Cic.: est, ut philosophi tradant, Cic.: non est, ut possit, Hor.: futurum esse, ut omnes pellerentur, Caes.: at enim solum id est, ut me Siculi maxime velint, Cic.: m. folg. Infin., fuerit mihi eguisse, Sall.: ne sit tibi montes semper adire, Prop.: numquam est mit folg. quin u. Konj., numquam est, quin velimus, Cornif. rhet. – β) est, man darf, man kann, neque est, ut putemus, wir dürfen nicht usw., Plin.: m. folg. Infin., scire est liberum ingenium, Ter.: quae verbo obiecta, verbo negare sit, läßt sich mit einem W. verneinen, Liv.: ut coniectare erat intentione vultus, Tac.: quantum dinoscere erat, Val. Max. – b) est ubi, es ist der Fall wo = zuweilen, Cic. – c) est cum, es ist der Fall da = zuweilen, Cornif. rhet. – d) est quod m. Indikat u. Konj., od. ut u. Konj., es ist Ursache dazu da, ich (du, er usw.) habe Ursache zu usw., zB. est quod suscenset tibi, Ter.: est quod me transire ad forum iam oportet, Ter.: magis est, quod gratuler, Cic.: magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, Cic.: hingegen non est quod od. ut etc., od. nihil est quod od. cur, es ist keine Ursache da, ich (du usw.) habe nicht Ursache zu usw., nihil est, quod gestias, Cic.: non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, man braucht sich also nicht zu wundern, Cic.

II) als verbum copulativum = etwas od. irgendwie sein, a) in Verbindung mit einem Adi., Subst. od. Pronom., praeclara res est, et sumus otiosi, Cic.: tuus sum, Plaut.: nos numerus sumus, Hor.: domus non ea est, quam, Cic. – b) in Verbindung m. Adv.: α) der Art u. Weise (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 46), si ita es, ut ego te volo, Plaut.: sic sum ut vides, Plaut.: hae aedes ita erant ut dixi tibi, Plaut.: ita (in solcher Lage) sunt res nostrae, Cic.: sic vita hominum est, Cic.: sic est, Cic.: quod ita cum sit, Cic. – mit speziellen, satis est, Cic.: frustra id inceptum fuit, Liv.: bene est, recte est, Cic.: cum in convivio comiter et iucunde fuisses, Cic.: mihi pulchre est od. pulchre est mihi, Cic. u. Hor.: dicta impune erant, Tac. – β) des Ortes u. der Zeit, sunt procul ab huius aetatis memoria, Cic.: diu esse, lange dauern, währen, Prop. – c) mit einem Genet. od. Abl. der Beschaffenheit, sein von einer Beschaffenheit, eine Beschaffenheit haben, α) m. Genet.: eiusdem aetatis fuit, aus demselben Zeitalter, lebte zu derselben Zeit, Nep.: nulli consili sum, ich bin ratlos, Ter.: summi ut sint laboris, zu großer Arbeit tauglich sind, Caes.: nec se suae potestatis esse, hätten nicht über sich zu verfügen, Liv. – Ferner gehört hierher magni, tanti etc. esse (pretii), in hohem Werte sein, viel gelten, viel kosten, αα) cig., frumentum fuit tanti, Cic.: ager pluris est, Cic. – ββ) bildl., in großem Werte sein, viel gelten, geschätzt werden, magni erunt mihi tuae litterae, Cic.: mea conscientia mihi pluris est, Cic. – β) m. Abl.: esse collecto pallio, capite operto, gehen mit usw., Plaut. u. Cic.: aegro corpore esse, krank sein, Cic.: aetate eā sum, bin in dem Alter, in den Jahren, Ter.: fac animo magno sis, habe usw., Cic.: quaere, quo sit patre, Hor.: simus eā mente, so gesinnt, Cic.: mille sestertiis esse, zu stehen kommen, gelten, kosten, Cic. – d) mit Genet. des Maßes od. des Inhalts (durch) attrib. Zahlwörter), bestehen aus usw., sich belaufen auf usw., betragen, zählen, Xerxis classis mille et ducentarum navium longarum fuit, Nep.: Iulius Caesar annum ad solis cursum accommodavit, ut trecentorum sexaginta quinque dierum esset, Suet.: bona patris huiusce Sex. Roscii, quae sunt sexagies (sc. centenûm milium), Cic. – e) m. Genet. des Gegenstandes, dem etwas gehört, angehört, dem etwas zukommt, α) eigen sein, gehören, Gallia est Ariovisti, Caes.: cuius tum fasces erant, der damals die Regierung hatte, Cic.: Rhodiorum esse, den Rhodiern gehören, ihnen unterworfen sein, Liv. – β) eigen-, ergeben sein ( mit totus u. ohne dasselbe), me Pompei totum esse, Cic.: plebs novarum rerum atque Hannibalis tota est, Liv.: hominum, non causarum erant, nahmen bloß Rücksicht auf die Personen, nicht auf die Sachen, Liv.: suarum rerum erant, bekümmerten sich nur um ihre eigenen Angelegenheiten, Liv. – γ) eigentümlich sein, jmds. Sache, Gewohnheit, Pflicht sein, das Zeichen von etwas sein, cuiusvis hominis est errare, es ist jedes Menschen Sache zu irren, jeder kann irren, Cic.: est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, ut etc., Caes.: est adulescentis maiores natu vereri, Cic.: est miserorum, ut malevolentes sint, Plaut. – Anstatt des Genet. eines persönl. Pron. das Possess. im Neutr., fuit tuum lugere, Caes.: est tuum videre, Cic. – f) m. Genet. eines Subst. u. Gerundivs, zu etw. dienen, etw. zum Zwecke haben (s. Weißenb. Liv. 3, 24, 1), quod initio conservandae libertatis atque augendae rei publicae fuerat, Sall.: frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse, Liv. – g) mit dem Dat. der Bestimmung, des Zweckes, α) v. Pers. od. einer Sache, jmdm. etw. sein = für jmd. od. etw. abgeben, alci custodem, patrem, matrem esse, alci adiutricem, fautricem esse, Komik (s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 1139. Philol. 32, 298): Romam caput Latio esse, Liv. – od. wozu dienen, radix est vescendo, Plin.: esui potuique esse, ICt. – β) passen, schicklich sein, est palaestrae, Cic. – γ) geschickt-, tauglich sein, sum oneri ferendo, ich kann tragen, Liv.: non esse solvendo, nicht bezahlen können, Cic.: solvendo aeri alieno esse, Liv. – δ) sein, gereichen, impedimento esse alci, Cic.: detrimento, maculae esse, Cic.: esse argumento, Cic. – h) m. ad u. Akk., dienlich-, tauglich sein gegen od zu usw., vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam, Cato: res, quae sunt ad incendia, Caes.: valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime, Cic. – i) mit de u. Abl., über od. von etw. handeln (s. Sorof Cic. Tusc. 1, 24), is liber, qui est de animo, Cic.: haec omnis, quae est de vita et de moribus philosophia, Cic.: id est, hoc est, das ist, das heißt, zuweilen auch steigernd: was so viel ist als, das heißt also, also, Cic.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Iug. 31, 20. – / Archaist. Formen: esum = sum, Varro LL. 9, 100: Fut. escit = erit, XII tabb. fr. ed. Schoell tab. 1. fr. 3 ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 25); tab. 5. fr. 4 ( bei Ulp. fr. 26, 1); tab. 5. fr. 5 (in Mos. et Rom. legg. coll. 16, 4. § 2); tab. 5. fr. 7 ( bei Fest. 162 [b] 19 u. Cornif. rhet. 1, 23 Klolz). Lucr. 1, 619 (vgl. Wesenberg Cic. Tusc. 3, 11. p. 278. 14 ed. Baiter): escunt = erunt, XII tabb. fr. tab. 10. fr. 9 ( bei Cic. de legg. 2, 60). – Coni. Praes. siem, Plaut. Amph. prol. 57 u.a. Ter. Andr. 586: sies, Pompon. com. 103. Plaut. Amph. 924 u. 934 a. Ter. Andr. 424 u.a. Cato fr. inc. 3 (p. 87, 7 ed. Jordan): siet, Acc. tr. 310. Plaut. Amph. prol. 58 u.a. Ter. Andr. 234 u.a. Lucr. 3, 101. Formul. vet. bei Gell. 5, 19. Cato origg. 5, 1 u.a. Cato r.r. prooem. § 1. u. c. 6. § 4 (vgl. Müller Nachtr. zur Plaut. Pros. S. 83 f.): sient, SC. de Bacchan. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 30. Plaut. Amph. 209. Ter. Andr. 390. Cato origg. 4. fr. 8: fuam, Plaut. Bacch. 156 u.a.: fuas, Liv. Andr. tr. 21: fuat, Enn. fr. scen. 177. Pacuv. tr. 116. Plaut. Amph. 985 u.a. Ter. Hec. 610. Carm. vet. bei Liv. 25, 12, 6. Verg. Aen. 10, 108. Fronto de eloqu. 1. p. 143, 14 N.: fuant, Plaut. Bacch. 1033 u.a. – Perf. fuei = fui, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1008: fuveit = fuit, ibid. 1051: fuvimus, Enn. ann. (377) bei Cic. de or. 3, 168 Friedrich (Vahlen fuimus). – Partiz. ens von Cäsar gebraucht nach Prisc. 18, 75.

lateinisch-deutsches > sum [1]

18 peto

pĕto, ĕre, pĕtīvi (pĕtĭi), pĕtītum - tr. -    - parf. petīt, Virg. En. 9, 9; Ov. F. 1, 109; petisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Virg. En. 4, 100; 12, 359; petistis, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22; petissem, Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2; petisse, Cic. Quint. 11, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. M. 9, 623.    - chercher à atteindre. [st1]1 [-] diriger sa course vers, chercher à gagner.    - petere loca calidiora, Cic. Nat. 2. 125: chercher à gagner des pays plus chauds. --- cf. Cic. Planc. 97, etc.    - petere naves, Nep. Milt. 5, 5: chercher à rejoindre les navires.    - genitor, quem primum petebam, Virg. En. 2, 635: mon père, que je cherchais à atteindre le premier.    - poét. campum petit amnis, Virg. G, 3, 522: la rivière s'en va vers la plaine.    - mons petit astra, Ov. M. 1, 316: la montagne monte vers les astres.    - iter terra petere, Cic. Planc. 97: prendre un chemin par terre.    - petere fugam, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 1: prendre la fuite. [st1]2 [-] attaquer, assaillir, viser.    - [abst] Cic. Or. 228.    - caput petere, Cic. Quinct. 29: attaquer (viser) à la tête. --- cf. Cic. Mur. 52, etc.    - petere aliquem spiculo, Liv. 2, 20, 2: attaquer qqn avec une lance.    - petere aliquem bello, Virg. En. 3, 603: faire la guerre à qqn.    - fig. petere aliquem epistula, Cic. Att. 2. 2, 2: attaquer qqn par lettre.    - petere aliquem fraude, Liv. 40, 55, 3 tendre des pièges à qqn. [st1]3 [-] aborder.    - ut te supplex peterem, Virg. En. 6, 115: [il me recommandait] de t'aborder en suppliant.    - petere collum amplexu, Cael. d. Quint. 4, 2, 124: se jeter au cou de qqn.    - chercher à obtenir. [st1]4 [-] rechercher, aspirer à; aller chercher.    - fuga salutem petere, Caes. BG. 3, 15, 2: chercher son salut dans la fuite.    - eloquentiae principatum petere, Cic. Or. 56, aspirer au premier rang dans l'éloquence.    - petere aut fugere aliquid, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: rechercher ou fuir qqch.    - petere victoriam ex aliquo, Liv. 8, 33, 13: chercher la victoire sur qqn.    - petere Brundisium ostreas, Plin. 9, 169: aller chercher des huîtres à Brindes.    - petere cibum e flamma, Ter. Eun. 491: aller chercher à manger dans les flammes d'un bûcher. --- Cic. Caec. 4, 10; Ac. 1, 2, 8.    - [poét. avec inf. ] chercher à. --- Lucr. 3, 86 ; Virg. En. 7, 96 ; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29. [st1]5 [-] briguer [une magistrature].    - Cic. Phil. 2, 76 ; Att. 1, 1, 2 ; Verr. pr. 23.    - de iis, qui nunc petunt, Caesar certus putatur, Cic. Att. 1: parmi les candidats actuels, César est le seul qui soit sûr de son élection. [st1]6 [-] demander, solliciter.    - petere opem ab aliquo, Tusc. 5, 5: demander assistance à qqn.    - petere ab aliquo aliquid alicui, Cic. Q. 2, 15, 3: demander à qqn qqch pour qqn.    - petere ab aliquo pro aliquo, Cic. Lig. 31: intercéder auprès de qqn pour qqn.    - petere ab aliquo (et qqf. ex aliquo Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 2) ut: demander à qqn que. --- cf. Cic. Clu. 43 ; Fam. 13, 49, etc.    - petere ne ou petere ut ne: demander que ne... pas. --- Cic. Amer. 25 ; Cael. 30.    - a vobis peto, primum ut consilium probetis meum, deinde ne frustra dehortando impedire conemini, Nep.: je vous demande, premièrement, d'approuver mon dessein, et ensuite de ne pas tenter vainement de m'y faire renoncer par des exhortations.    - petere + subj. seul abs te peto cures ut... Cic. Fam. 13, 34: je te demande de prendre soin que... --- cf. 13, 39; Caes. BG. 6, 1, 2.    - petere + prop. inf. --- Suet. Aug. 5; Gell. 4, 8, 5. [st1]7 [-] demander, réclamer, demander en justice.    - quantum res petet, de Or. 3, 123: autant que la chose le réclamera.    - petere poenas ab aliquo, Caes. Att. 1, 16, 7: tirer vengeance de qqn.    - calumnia litium alienos fundos petere, Cic. Mil. 74: réclamer les propriétés d'autrui par des procès de pure chicane.    - abst petere: être demandeur dans une affaire, poursuivre.    - te petere oporteret, Cic. Verr. 4, 70: c'est à toi qu'il conviendrait d'être demandeur. [st1]8 [-] chercher, faire venir de, tirer de.    - a litteris oblivionem petere, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 4: chercher l'oubli dans les études littéraires.    - prooemium alte petitum, Cic. Clu. 58: préambule tiré de loin. --- cf. Cic. Caec. 10.    - latere petitus imo spiritus, Hor. Epo. 11, 10: soupir tiré du fond de la poitrine.    - petere exempla ex summorum hominum factis, Cic. Prov. 20: prendre des exemples à la vie des plus grands hommes.
* * *
pĕto, ĕre, pĕtīvi (pĕtĭi), pĕtītum - tr. -    - parf. petīt, Virg. En. 9, 9; Ov. F. 1, 109; petisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Virg. En. 4, 100; 12, 359; petistis, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22; petissem, Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2; petisse, Cic. Quint. 11, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. M. 9, 623.    - chercher à atteindre. [st1]1 [-] diriger sa course vers, chercher à gagner.    - petere loca calidiora, Cic. Nat. 2. 125: chercher à gagner des pays plus chauds. --- cf. Cic. Planc. 97, etc.    - petere naves, Nep. Milt. 5, 5: chercher à rejoindre les navires.    - genitor, quem primum petebam, Virg. En. 2, 635: mon père, que je cherchais à atteindre le premier.    - poét. campum petit amnis, Virg. G, 3, 522: la rivière s'en va vers la plaine.    - mons petit astra, Ov. M. 1, 316: la montagne monte vers les astres.    - iter terra petere, Cic. Planc. 97: prendre un chemin par terre.    - petere fugam, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 1: prendre la fuite. [st1]2 [-] attaquer, assaillir, viser.    - [abst] Cic. Or. 228.    - caput petere, Cic. Quinct. 29: attaquer (viser) à la tête. --- cf. Cic. Mur. 52, etc.    - petere aliquem spiculo, Liv. 2, 20, 2: attaquer qqn avec une lance.    - petere aliquem bello, Virg. En. 3, 603: faire la guerre à qqn.    - fig. petere aliquem epistula, Cic. Att. 2. 2, 2: attaquer qqn par lettre.    - petere aliquem fraude, Liv. 40, 55, 3 tendre des pièges à qqn. [st1]3 [-] aborder.    - ut te supplex peterem, Virg. En. 6, 115: [il me recommandait] de t'aborder en suppliant.    - petere collum amplexu, Cael. d. Quint. 4, 2, 124: se jeter au cou de qqn.    - chercher à obtenir. [st1]4 [-] rechercher, aspirer à; aller chercher.    - fuga salutem petere, Caes. BG. 3, 15, 2: chercher son salut dans la fuite.    - eloquentiae principatum petere, Cic. Or. 56, aspirer au premier rang dans l'éloquence.    - petere aut fugere aliquid, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: rechercher ou fuir qqch.    - petere victoriam ex aliquo, Liv. 8, 33, 13: chercher la victoire sur qqn.    - petere Brundisium ostreas, Plin. 9, 169: aller chercher des huîtres à Brindes.    - petere cibum e flamma, Ter. Eun. 491: aller chercher à manger dans les flammes d'un bûcher. --- Cic. Caec. 4, 10; Ac. 1, 2, 8.    - [poét. avec inf. ] chercher à. --- Lucr. 3, 86 ; Virg. En. 7, 96 ; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29. [st1]5 [-] briguer [une magistrature].    - Cic. Phil. 2, 76 ; Att. 1, 1, 2 ; Verr. pr. 23.    - de iis, qui nunc petunt, Caesar certus putatur, Cic. Att. 1: parmi les candidats actuels, César est le seul qui soit sûr de son élection. [st1]6 [-] demander, solliciter.    - petere opem ab aliquo, Tusc. 5, 5: demander assistance à qqn.    - petere ab aliquo aliquid alicui, Cic. Q. 2, 15, 3: demander à qqn qqch pour qqn.    - petere ab aliquo pro aliquo, Cic. Lig. 31: intercéder auprès de qqn pour qqn.    - petere ab aliquo (et qqf. ex aliquo Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 2) ut: demander à qqn que. --- cf. Cic. Clu. 43 ; Fam. 13, 49, etc.    - petere ne ou petere ut ne: demander que ne... pas. --- Cic. Amer. 25 ; Cael. 30.    - a vobis peto, primum ut consilium probetis meum, deinde ne frustra dehortando impedire conemini, Nep.: je vous demande, premièrement, d'approuver mon dessein, et ensuite de ne pas tenter vainement de m'y faire renoncer par des exhortations.    - petere + subj. seul abs te peto cures ut... Cic. Fam. 13, 34: je te demande de prendre soin que... --- cf. 13, 39; Caes. BG. 6, 1, 2.    - petere + prop. inf. --- Suet. Aug. 5; Gell. 4, 8, 5. [st1]7 [-] demander, réclamer, demander en justice.    - quantum res petet, de Or. 3, 123: autant que la chose le réclamera.    - petere poenas ab aliquo, Caes. Att. 1, 16, 7: tirer vengeance de qqn.    - calumnia litium alienos fundos petere, Cic. Mil. 74: réclamer les propriétés d'autrui par des procès de pure chicane.    - abst petere: être demandeur dans une affaire, poursuivre.    - te petere oporteret, Cic. Verr. 4, 70: c'est à toi qu'il conviendrait d'être demandeur. [st1]8 [-] chercher, faire venir de, tirer de.    - a litteris oblivionem petere, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 4: chercher l'oubli dans les études littéraires.    - prooemium alte petitum, Cic. Clu. 58: préambule tiré de loin. --- cf. Cic. Caec. 10.    - latere petitus imo spiritus, Hor. Epo. 11, 10: soupir tiré du fond de la poitrine.    - petere exempla ex summorum hominum factis, Cic. Prov. 20: prendre des exemples à la vie des plus grands hommes.
* * *

    Peto, petis, petiui, petitum, pe. prod. petere. Demander, Prier, Faire requeste, Requerir.

\

    Colloquium petere. Caesar. Demander à parlementer.

\

    Petere mutuum. Plaut. Emprunter.

\

    Sanguinem et vitam alicuius petere. Cic. Pourchasser sa mort.

\

    Veniam petere. Caesar. Demander pardon.

\

    Consulatum petere. Cic. Briguer et pourchasser à estre Consul.

\

    Coniugium petere. Ouid. Appeter et pourchasser.

\

    Inde gloriam petiit. Plin. De là il eut gloire.

\

    Imperium, ac summatum sibi petere. Lucret. Cercher, Tascher à avoir, Pourchasser.

\

    Petere somnum. Quintil. Aller dormir.

\

    Amplexum alicuius petere. Virgil. Aller embrasser.

\

    Petere poenas ab aliquo. Cic. Cercher moyen de se venger, Demander ou pourchasser la vengeance.

\

    Sedes apibus, statioque petenda. Virgil. Il fault eslire et prendre place pour les mousches.

\

    Petere cibum. Terent. Rogasse vellem, vnde mihi peterem cibum. Où il veult que je prenne dequoy vivre, Où il veult que je cerche ma vie.

\

    E flamma te petere cibum posse arbitror. Terent. Tu es si povre, que je pense que tu oserois bien prendre la viande du milieu de la flamme, Pour un morceau de pain tu te jecterois dedens le feu.

\

    Argumentum hoc Epicurus a paruis petiuit. Cic. A prins.

\

    Paulo longius exordium rei demonstrandae petam. Cic. Je iray cercher le commencement de mon oraison un peu plus hault, ou plus loing.

\

    Initium a natura petere. Cic. Commencer.

\

    Laudem e macello petere. Cic. Cercher d'estre loué.

\

    Originem summi boni a primo ortu animantium petere. Cic. Cercher la source du souverain bien du, etc.

\

    Alte suspirium petere. Plaut. Souspirer du profond du coeur, Aller querir un souspir jusques au, etc.

\

    Iura Cordubam petunt. Plin. Vont plaider à Cordube, Ils sont du ressort de Cordube.

\

    Petunt igitur in Elymaeos arborem cupresso similem. Plin. Ils vont querir jusques au pays des, etc.

\

    Petere aliquid in nubila. Plin. L'aller querir jusques aux nues.

\

    Volumina in Dardani sepulchrum petita. Plin. Qu'on est allé querir jusques dedens son sepulchre.

\

    Trans mare aliquid petere. Plin. L'aller querir par dela la mer.

\

    Ab India petere aliquid. Plin. L'aller querir au pays, etc.

\

    Petere aliquem dextra. Virgil. Luy tendre la main dextre.

\

    Petere blanditiis. Quintil. Amadouer, Blandir, Papelarder.

\

    Aliquem literis petere. Cic. Agacer, Provoquer.

\

    Criminibus aliquem petere. Tacit. L'accuser de crime.

\

    Petere. Virgil. Liu. Frapper.

\

    Petere. Cic. Ruer coups sur aucun.

\

    Petere iugulum. Cic. Tuer.

\

    Petere aliquem telis. Liu. Luy tirer quelque dard ou traict.

\

    Petere aliquem. Cic. Assaillir aucun avec violence.

\

    Petere aliquem. Plancus Ciceroni. Mettre gents en embusche contre luy.

\

    Petere insidiis vitam alicuius. Plin. Espier de tuer aucun.

\

    Veneficio aliquem petere. Author ad Heren. Tascher à l'empoisonner.

\

    Vnum me petunt. Cic. Ils n'en veulent qu'à moy.

\

    Quem petit, et summis annixus viribus vrget. Virgil. Lequel il suit.

\

    Custodem in vincla petiuit. Virgil. L'a mené en prison.

\

    Petuntur in vincula qui parentes suos non alunt. Quint. On demande qu'ils soyent mis en prison.

\

    Petere locum aliquem. Cic. Aller en quelque lieu.

\

    Ardua petere. Stat. Monter une montaigne.

\

    Parnassus petit astra duobus verticibus. Ouid. Va jusques au ciel.

\

    Caelum petere. Plin. Voler droict au ciel.

\

    Cursum alium petere. Cic. Mener sa navire par un autre lieu.

\

    Cursu petere deserta. Virgil. S'encourir aux deserts.

\

    Fugam petere. Liu. S'enfuir.

\

    Fuga salutem petere. Caesar. Se sauver par fuir.

\

    Romam petit fons ille. Plin. S'en va et coule droict à Rome.

\

    Secretum petere. Plin. iunior. Se retirer en quelque lieu à part.

\

    Sublime petere. Plin. Tascher à monter.

\

    Supera petere. Cic. Tendre et tirer tousjours en hault.

\

    Vento petere vrbem aliquam. Virgil. Y aller par navigation à voiles.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > peto

19 materia

māteria, ae, f. u. māteriēs, ēī, f. (mater), der Stoff, die Materie, woraus etwas hervorgeht, verfertigt oder unterhalten wird, I) eig.: A) im allg.: rerum, der Grundstoff der Dinge, Cic.: materia rudis, v. Chaos, Lucan.: ferri materia, Eisenerz, Iustin.: materiam praebet seges arida, v. Brennstoff, Zunder, Ov.: u. so habens semina flammae materies, Ov.: quaeque de sua materia grandescere, Lucr. – v. der Eitermaterie, dem Eiterstoff, Cels. 3, 27. no. 4. – v. Material zu einer Arbeit, zu einem Bau, parietum, Vitr.: materiam (an der Tür) superabat opus (die Arbeit), Ov.: u. so v. Baumaterialien aller Art, aes ferrumque et lintea et spartum et navalis alia materia ad classem aedificandam, Liv.: delata materia omnis infra Veliam, Liv.: vom Mauerkalk als Bindemittel beim Mauern, Iustin. – Plur., deûm imagines mortalibus materiis in species hominum effingere, Tac. hist. 5, 5: a deo ad materias avocant, lenken auf das Materielle ab, Min. Fel. 27, 2. – B) insbes., 1) das Holz der Nutzbarkeit nach, das Nutzholz, Bauholz (Ggstz. ligna, das Brennholz), a) als Nutzholz u. als noch grünes, frisches Holz übh., sowohl ganze Bäume als Zweige, lenta (zähes) materies, Plaut.: cupam materiā ulmeā aut fagineā facito, Cato: omni materiā et cultā et silvestri (alles Holz, sowohl angepflanztes als wildwachsendes) partim ad calefaciendum corpus

————

igni adhibito et ad mitigandum cibum utimur, partim ad aedificandum, Cic.: materies vitis, das Stammholz = der Stamm (Ggstz. sarmenta), Cic.: inter librum et materiam (dem Stammholz), Colum.: genus surculorum aptum materiae (zu Nutzholz, Bau- u. Brennholz), Colum. u. so oft von den Zweigen, das grüne Holz, Colum. – b) als Bauholz, zu Häusern, Schiffen, Brücken, zur Befestigung eines Lagers usw., Cic., Caes. u.a.: materia viridis, Liv.: navalis, Curt. u. Liv. epit.: pabuli, lignorum (Brennholzes), materiae (Bauholzes) aggestus, Tac.: zu Stangen, Cato: materiam caedere, Bauholz fällen, Liv. u.a.: Plur., ligna, materiae, Plin. ep. 10, 41 (50), 2: materiae navales, Liv. epit. 48. – 2) der Nahrungsstoff, imbecillissima, valentissima, media, Cels. 2, 18. p. 66, 34 sqq. (D.). – u. die Lebensmittel, Vorräte, Ov. met. 8, 876. – 3) übtr., die Gattung, Rasse, Art der Tiere, zur Fortpflanzung, generosa, Colum. 6, 27 in.: vetus, Colum. 7, 3, 15. – II) übtr.: 1) die Materie, Materialien, der Stoff zu etw., als Gegenstand geistiger od. künstlerischer Tätigkeit, Aufgabe, Vorwurf, huius materiae tractatio, Sen.: ad iocandum, Cic.: sermonum, Cic.: artis, Stoff, Gegenstand der Künste u. Wissenschaften, womit sie sich beschäftigen, Cic.: operis iusti, Vell.: aequitatis, Materie (locus communis) von der Billigkeit, Cic.: crescit mihi materies, der Stoff wächst mir unter den Hän-

————

den, Cic.: nunc in tres partes omnem hanc materiam dividam, Sen.: materiam sermonibus praebere, Tac. – 2) der Vorrat an etw., ficti (an erdichteten Vorwänden), Ov. met. 9, 769. – 3) der Brennstoff, Zündstoff = die Ursache, Gelegenheit, Anregung, Veranlassung zu etw., seditionis, Cic.: materies omnium malorum, Sall.: aurum, summi materies mali, Hor.: longo materia bello, Tac.: materiam dare invidiae, Cic.: non superbiae ac libidini, sed bonitati ac moderationi facultatem et materiam dare, Cic.: materiam praebere criminibus (Beschuldigungen), von einem Acker, Liv.: invidiae flammam ac materiam criminibus suggerere (v. einem Ankläger), Liv.: materiam gloriae eripere alci, Liv.: pro materia, der Sache gemäß, Ov. – 4) die geistige Anlage, zuw. das Talent, Naturell, Catonis, Cic.: ingentis decoris, Liv.: angebatur ferox Tullia nihil materiae in viro neque ad cupiditatem neque ad audaciam esse, er gar nicht das Zeug habe, Liv.: quae materia et quanta ad maximas res opportunitas in animis inesset hominum, Cic.: non sum materiā digna perire tuā, Naturell (hartes, empfindungsloses), Ov. – ⇒ Archaist. Genet. materiai, Lucr. 1, 1051; 2, 1065 u. 5, 67. – Genet. Plur. (v. materies) materierum, Lact. 2, 12, 1 ed. Buenem. (mit codd. optt.). Vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 411 u. 412.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > materia

20 sum

1. sum, fuī, esse (ein unregelmäßiges, aus Teilen zweier verschiedener Verba zusammengesetztes Wort: sum abgekürzt aus esum st. eso v. griech. Stamm ΕΣ, wov. εἰμί; fui aber vom veralteten fuo, griech. φύω), I) als verbum concretum, sein, vorhanden sein, A) im allg.: 1) übh.: a) von der Existenz eines Gegenstandes, sein, vorhanden sein, existieren, dasein, am Leben sein, esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, Cic.: omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri, sunt, Cic.: nec enim, dum ero, angar ullā re, Cic.: adhuc sumus, Cic.: fuit, er hat gelebt, Tibull.: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium, Verg.: nullus sum, es ist aus mit mir, ich bin verloren, Komik., Cic. u.a.: alteri nulli sunt, sind zugrunde gegangen, Cic. – b) von dem Vorhandensein eines Zustandes, sein, vorhanden sein, vorliegen, stattfinden, non est periculum, Cic.: neque Romanorum in se meritum esse, Liv.: solis defectio fuit, fand statt, ereignete sich, Cic.: quid tibi est? was ist dir (geschehen)? was hast du? Cic.: quid se futurum esset, was würde mit ihnen geschehen, Liv. – c) von dem Befinden an einem Orte, sein, sich finden, leben, cum Athenis fuissem, Cic.: Romae esse, Cic.: in castris, in agro, in hortis, Cic.: esse in alqo, in jmd. stecken, in seine Gestalt, in ihn verwandelt sein, Ov. – d) von dem Befinden in einem Zustande, sein, leben, sich befinden, esse in

————

aere alieno, Cic.: in bonis, Cic. in servitute, Cic.: in spe, Cic.: in maestitia, Cic.: in nomine et gloria, Cic.: in laudibus, Cic.: in officio, Cic.: in vitio, Cic.: in mora, Verzug verursachen, Ter.: in amore et deliciis alci, Cic. – e) v. Beruhen auf etwas, in etwas bestehen = auf etwas beruhen, omnem spem in impetu esse equitum, Liv.: totum in eo est, ut etc., Cic.: totum in eo est, ne etc., Colum.

2) Besondere Verbindungen: a) sunt qui, es gibt Leute, Dinge, die, α) mit folg. Indicat., wenn etwas Bestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui non audent, Cic.: sunt quae praeterii, Cic.: sunt quos genus hoc minime iuvat, Hor.: est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae, Prop. – bes. steht bei Indicat., wenn ein Subjekt genau angegeben wird, sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, Cic.: sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest etc., Cic. – β) m. folg. Coniunctiv, wenn etwas Gedachtes, Vorgestelltes od. Unbestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui dicant, Cic.: sunt qui anteponant, Cic.: erat nemo, in quem ea suspicio conveniret, Cic. – Auch findet sich est quibus, Prop. 3, 9, 17. – b) mihi est res, ich habe eine Sache, privatus illis census erat brevis, Hor.: cui nomen Arethusa est, Cic.: unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. – c) esse ad od. apud alqm, bei jmd. (in jmds. Hause) sein od. sich befinden, jmd. besuchen, eaque est nunc ad uxorem tuam, Ter.: fuit ad me satis

————

diu, Cic.: quorum sint legati apud se, Caes.: fuisti apud Laecam illā nocte, Cic.: apud te est, ut volumus, Cic.: Brutum apud me fuisse gaudeo, Cic.: apud me sis volo, bei mir zu Tische seiest, bei mir speisest, Ter. – d) esse cum alqo (alqa), α) bei jmd. (in jmds. Zimmer, Hause) sein, essetne quis intus cum Caesare? Suet.: me te oblectes, mecum tota sis, Ter.: quam vellem Menedemum invitatum, ut nobiscum esset (bei mir zu Tische sei, speise), amplius (dringender), Ter.: doppelsinnig, tu vero, inquam, ducas licet, si sequetur: erit enim mecum (mit mir = auf meiner Seite), si tecum erit, Cic. de fin. 5, 86. – β) mit jmd. zusammensein, umgehen, erat nemo, quicum essem libentius, Cic.: multum mecum sunt, Cic.: secum esse, für sich sein, Cic. – γ) ehelich mit jmd. umgehen, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – e) esse alci cum alqo, mit jmd. zu tun haben, mit jmd. in Verbindung stehen, sibi cum illa nihil futurum, Cic.: si mihi tecum minus esset, Cic. – f) esse ab alqo, von jmd. sein, zu jmd. gehören, ab Andria est ancilla haec, Ter.: erat ab Aristotele, war ein Aristoteliker, Cic.: vide, ne hoc totum sit a me, für mich spricht, Cic. – g) esse pro alqo, für jmd. sein, jmdm. zustatten kommen, Cic. – h) esse in alqm locum, wohin sein (= wohin gegangen sein und sich dort befinden), fui hodie in funus, war zum Begräbnisse, Petron.: in conspectum fuisse, Suet. ( aber Cic. ad Att. 15, 4, 2 Wesenberg quo die

————

in Tusculanum essem venturus). – i) esse in m. Abl., in einer Schrift stehen (s. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 1, 3. p. 4, a), quid fuit in litteris (in dem Br.)? Cic.: quamquam est in Originibus m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.

B) prägn., wirklich sein, stattfinden, statthaben, der Fall sein, in Kraft sein, Geltung haben, gelten, nec provocatio erat, Liv.: neque dictio est, Ter.: sunt ista, das ist so, Cic. – So bes. a) est, es ist so, es ist an dem, Cic.: sit ita, es sei so, gut, meinetwegen, Cic.: so auch esto, es mag sein, gut, meinetwegen, Cic. u. Hor.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., esto, alios teneri, Hor.: so auch sit m. folg. ut u. Konj., sit, ut intereant, Colum. – est ut od. m. folg. Infin., α) = es ist der Fall, daß usw., est, ut id deceat, Cic.: est, ut philosophi tradant, Cic.: non est, ut possit, Hor.: futurum esse, ut omnes pellerentur, Caes.: at enim solum id est, ut me Siculi maxime velint, Cic.: m. folg. Infin., fuerit mihi eguisse, Sall.: ne sit tibi montes semper adire, Prop.: numquam est mit folg. quin u. Konj., numquam est, quin velimus, Cornif. rhet. – β) est, man darf, man kann, neque est, ut putemus, wir dürfen nicht usw., Plin.: m. folg. Infin., scire est liberum ingenium, Ter.: quae verbo obiecta, verbo negare sit, läßt sich mit einem W. verneinen, Liv.: ut coniectare erat intentione vultus, Tac.: quantum dinoscere erat, Val. Max. – b) est ubi, es ist der Fall wo = zuweilen, Cic. – c) est cum, es ist der Fall

————

da = zuweilen, Cornif. rhet. – d) est quod m. Indikat u. Konj., od. ut u. Konj., es ist Ursache dazu da, ich (du, er usw.) habe Ursache zu usw., zB. est quod suscenset tibi, Ter.: est quod me transire ad forum iam oportet, Ter.: magis est, quod gratuler, Cic.: magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, Cic.: hingegen non est quod od. ut etc., od. nihil est quod od. cur, es ist keine Ursache da, ich (du usw.) habe nicht Ursache zu usw., nihil est, quod gestias, Cic.: non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, man braucht sich also nicht zu wundern, Cic.

II) als verbum copulativum = etwas od. irgendwie sein, a) in Verbindung mit einem Adi., Subst. od. Pronom., praeclara res est, et sumus otiosi, Cic.: tuus sum, Plaut.: nos numerus sumus, Hor.: domus non ea est, quam, Cic. – b) in Verbindung m. Adv.: α) der Art u. Weise (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 46), si ita es, ut ego te volo, Plaut.: sic sum ut vides, Plaut.: hae aedes ita erant ut dixi tibi, Plaut.: ita (in solcher Lage) sunt res nostrae, Cic.: sic vita hominum est, Cic.: sic est, Cic.: quod ita cum sit, Cic. – mit speziellen, satis est, Cic.: frustra id inceptum fuit, Liv.: bene est, recte est, Cic.: cum in convivio comiter et iucunde fuisses, Cic.: mihi pulchre est od. pulchre est mihi, Cic. u. Hor.: dicta impune erant, Tac. – β) des Ortes u. der Zeit, sunt procul ab huius aetatis memoria, Cic.: diu esse, lange dauern, währen, Prop. – c) mit einem Genet. od. Abl.

————

der Beschaffenheit, sein von einer Beschaffenheit, eine Beschaffenheit haben, α) m. Genet.: eiusdem aetatis fuit, aus demselben Zeitalter, lebte zu derselben Zeit, Nep.: nulli consili sum, ich bin ratlos, Ter.: summi ut sint laboris, zu großer Arbeit tauglich sind, Caes.: nec se suae potestatis esse, hätten nicht über sich zu verfügen, Liv. – Ferner gehört hierher magni, tanti etc. esse (pretii), in hohem Werte sein, viel gelten, viel kosten, αα) cig., frumentum fuit tanti, Cic.: ager pluris est, Cic. – ββ) bildl., in großem Werte sein, viel gelten, geschätzt werden, magni erunt mihi tuae litterae, Cic.: mea conscientia mihi pluris est, Cic. – β) m. Abl.: esse collecto pallio, capite operto, gehen mit usw., Plaut. u. Cic.: aegro corpore esse, krank sein, Cic.: aetate eā sum, bin in dem Alter, in den Jahren, Ter.: fac animo magno sis, habe usw., Cic.: quaere, quo sit patre, Hor.: simus eā mente, so gesinnt, Cic.: mille sestertiis esse, zu stehen kommen, gelten, kosten, Cic. – d) mit Genet. des Maßes od. des Inhalts (durch) attrib. Zahlwörter), bestehen aus usw., sich belaufen auf usw., betragen, zählen, Xerxis classis mille et ducentarum navium longarum fuit, Nep.: Iulius Caesar annum ad solis cursum accommodavit, ut trecentorum sexaginta quinque dierum esset, Suet.: bona patris huiusce Sex. Roscii, quae sunt sexagies (sc. centenûm milium), Cic. – e) m. Genet. des Gegenstandes, dem etwas ge-

————

hört, angehört, dem etwas zukommt, α) eigen sein, gehören, Gallia est Ariovisti, Caes.: cuius tum fasces erant, der damals die Regierung hatte, Cic.: Rhodiorum esse, den Rhodiern gehören, ihnen unterworfen sein, Liv. – β) eigen-, ergeben sein ( mit totus u. ohne dasselbe), me Pompei totum esse, Cic.: plebs novarum rerum atque Hannibalis tota est, Liv.: hominum, non causarum erant, nahmen bloß Rücksicht auf die Personen, nicht auf die Sachen, Liv.: suarum rerum erant, bekümmerten sich nur um ihre eigenen Angelegenheiten, Liv. – γ) eigentümlich sein, jmds. Sache, Gewohnheit, Pflicht sein, das Zeichen von etwas sein, cuiusvis hominis est errare, es ist jedes Menschen Sache zu irren, jeder kann irren, Cic.: est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, ut etc., Caes.: est adulescentis maiores natu vereri, Cic.: est miserorum, ut malevolentes sint, Plaut. – Anstatt des Genet. eines persönl. Pron. das Possess. im Neutr., fuit tuum lugere, Caes.: est tuum videre, Cic. – f) m. Genet. eines Subst. u. Gerundivs, zu etw. dienen, etw. zum Zwecke haben (s. Weißenb. Liv. 3, 24, 1), quod initio conservandae libertatis atque augendae rei publicae fuerat, Sall.: frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse, Liv. – g) mit dem Dat. der Bestimmung, des Zweckes, α) v. Pers. od. einer Sache, jmdm. etw. sein = für jmd. od. etw. abgeben, alci custodem, patrem, matrem esse, alci adiutricem, fautricem esse, Komik

————

(s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 1139. Philol. 32, 298): Romam caput Latio esse, Liv. – od. wozu dienen, radix est vescendo, Plin.: esui potuique esse, ICt. – β) passen, schicklich sein, est palaestrae, Cic. – γ) geschickt-, tauglich sein, sum oneri ferendo, ich kann tragen, Liv.: non esse solvendo, nicht bezahlen können, Cic.: solvendo aeri alieno esse, Liv. – δ) sein, gereichen, impedimento esse alci, Cic.: detrimento, maculae esse, Cic.: esse argumento, Cic. – h) m. ad u. Akk., dienlich-, tauglich sein gegen od zu usw., vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam, Cato: res, quae sunt ad incendia, Caes.: valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime, Cic. – i) mit de u. Abl., über od. von etw. handeln (s. Sorof Cic. Tusc. 1, 24), is liber, qui est de animo, Cic.: haec omnis, quae est de vita et de moribus philosophia, Cic.: id est, hoc est, das ist, das heißt, zuweilen auch steigernd: was so viel ist als, das heißt also, also, Cic.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Iug. 31, 20. – ⇒ Archaist. Formen: esum = sum, Varro LL. 9, 100: Fut. escit = erit, XII tabb. fr. ed. Schoell tab. 1. fr. 3 ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 25); tab. 5. fr. 4 ( bei Ulp. fr. 26, 1); tab. 5. fr. 5 (in Mos. et Rom. legg. coll. 16, 4. § 2); tab. 5. fr. 7 ( bei Fest. 162 19 u. Cornif. rhet. 1, 23 Klolz). Lucr. 1, 619 (vgl. Wesenberg Cic. Tusc. 3, 11. p. 278. 14 ed. Baiter): escunt = erunt, XII tabb. fr. tab. 10. fr. 9 ( bei Cic. de legg. 2, 60). – Coni. Praes. siem, Plaut. Amph. prol.

————

57 u.a. Ter. Andr. 586: sies, Pompon. com. 103. Plaut. Amph. 924 u. 934 a. Ter. Andr. 424 u.a. Cato fr. inc. 3 (p. 87, 7 ed. Jordan): siet, Acc. tr. 310. Plaut. Amph. prol. 58 u.a. Ter. Andr. 234 u.a. Lucr. 3, 101. Formul. vet. bei Gell. 5, 19. Cato origg. 5, 1 u.a. Cato r.r. prooem. § 1. u. c. 6. § 4 (vgl. Müller Nachtr. zur Plaut. Pros. S. 83 f.): sient, SC. de Bacchan. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 30. Plaut. Amph. 209. Ter. Andr. 390. Cato origg. 4. fr. 8: fuam, Plaut. Bacch. 156 u.a.: fuas, Liv. Andr. tr. 21: fuat, Enn. fr. scen. 177. Pacuv. tr. 116. Plaut. Amph. 985 u.a. Ter. Hec. 610. Carm. vet. bei Liv. 25, 12, 6. Verg. Aen. 10, 108. Fronto de eloqu. 1. p. 143, 14 N.: fuant, Plaut. Bacch. 1033 u.a. – Perf. fuei = fui, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1008: fuveit = fuit, ibid. 1051: fuvimus, Enn. ann. (377) bei Cic. de or. 3, 168 Friedrich (Vahlen fuimus). – Partiz. ens von Cäsar gebraucht nach Prisc. 18, 75.

————————

[b]2. sum = suum, s. suus a.E. ⇒.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > sum

Страницы

Следующая →

1

2

3

См. также в других словарях:

Liste de locutions latines — Cet article contient une liste de locutions latines présentée par ordre alphabétique. Pour des explications morphologiques et linguistiques générales, consulter l article : Expression latine. Sommaire A B … … Wikipédia en Français

Codex Las Huelgas — Codex de Las Huelgas. El Codex Musical de Las Huelgas (Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Codex IX) o simplemente el Codex Las Huelgas (Hu) es un manuscrito medieval copiado a comienzos del siglo XIV en el monasterio cisterciense de monjas de… … Wikipedia Español

DII — ingenii ab Unius notitia exerrantis figmentum, tot fuêre apud Gentiles, quot deprehendêrunt vel usui suo, vel terrori, vel admirationi apta instrumenta; omisso Eo, qui solus horum Auctor, naturâ suâ invisibilis, per visibilia haec sua opera ipsis … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

Mediator Dei — Mit der Enzyklika Mediator Dei (Kurzform: Der Mittler Gottes), die am 20. November 1947 von Papst Pius XII. veröffentlicht wurde, kam das Wesen der Heiligen Liturgie als amtlichem Gottesdienst der Kirche (im Unterschied zur persönlichen… … Deutsch Wikipedia

Конклав — (лат. conclave запертая комната[1][2], от лат. cum clave с ключом, под ключом[3]) собрание кардиналов, созываемое после смерти папы римского для избрания нового папы, а также само это помещение. Проходит в… … Википедия

RYSVICUM i. e. RYSWYK — RYSVICUM, i. e. RYSWYK pagus celebris, et peramoenus Hollandiae, suburbanus Hagae Comitum, Potentissimi, Augustissimi, Felicissini, Serenissimi VILHELMI III. Magnae Britanniae Regis, Castro sumptuosissimo, magnificentissimo nobilitatus; in cuius… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

SACERDOS — nomen officii Ecclesiastici, apud Israelitas. Quemadmodum enim in Ecclesia N. T. institutos legimus Episcopos seu Ministros Verbi, Diaconos et Subdiaconos, sic in Veteri Ecclesia fuêre Sacerdotes, Levitae ac Nethinaei: quorum omnium caput… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

SMARAGDUS — I. SMARAGDUS Abbas monasterii S. Michaelis, in Dioecesi Verdunensi, floruit sub Ludovico Pio. Scripsit Commentar. in reg. Benedicti, de virtutibus et vitiis tractatum, aliaque in S. Scripturam. Item, monachus Abbatiae S. Salvatoris, in dioecesi… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

Pontifical Decorations — • The titles of nobility, orders of Christian knighthood and other marks of honour and distinction which the papal court confers upon men of unblemished character who have in any way promoted the interests of society, the Church, and the Holy See … Catholic encyclopedia

DIES — I. DIES Nicanoris, Festum Iudaeorum, de quo infra in voce Iudith. Diespiter, Iuppiter, quasi diei, i. e. lucis pater, uti Macrob. interpretatur. Hostat. l. 1. Carm. od. 34. v. 5. Namque Diespiter Igni corusco nubila dividens. Et idem l. 3. Carm.… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

GYMNASIUM — I. GYMNASIUM locus, in quo gymnasticae exercitationes fiebant, publicus, ut habet Galen. de tuenda valet. l. 2. c. 2. in separata urbis regione exstructus, ubi ungebantur, fricabantur, luctabantur, discum iactitabant, aut tale quidpiam faciebant … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

summi hominum

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

summi hominum

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: